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1BUCH 5 WORDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Academic Vocabulary Instruction Fourth Edition W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson BUCH 9 WORDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Academic Vocabulary Instruction Fourth Edition W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson BOOK 2 WORDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Academic Vocabulary Instruction Fourth Edition W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson WORDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Academic Vocabulary Instruction WCheryl Dressler BUCH 6 WORDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Academic Vocabulary Instruction Fourth Edition W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson 10 BOOK WORDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Academic Vocabulary Instruction Fourth Edition W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson BOOK K BUCH 3 WORDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Instruction in Academic Vocabulary Fourth Edition W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson WORDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Instruction in Academic Vocabulary WCheryl Dressler BUCH 7 WORDLY WISE 3OO O Direct Academic Vocabulary Instruction Pour Au flage ition W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson 11 BUCH WORDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Academic Vocabulary Instruction Fourth Edition W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson BUCH 4 BUCH 1 WORDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Academic Vocabulary Instruction Fourth Edition W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson BUCH 8 WRDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Instruction in Academic Vocabulary Fourth Edition W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson 12 BOOK WORDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Instruction in Academic Vocabulary Fourth Edition W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson Book 12 WORDLY WISE 3OOO Fourth Edition Hodkinson/Adams/Hodkinson BOOK 12 WORDLY WISE 3OOO Direct Akademischer Wortschatzunterricht Pour Auflage W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson
2Book 12 Word List (Numbers in parentheses refer to the lesson in which the word appears. Academic words are underlined.) 1. Go to quizlet.com/p/wordlywise. you learn . 3. Create a username and password. 4. Enter this access code: 5. Learn, compete for high scores, and track your own progress with Quizlet's fun learning activities and games. Tips and Tricks: After you create an account, you can bookmark workbooks for easy access. Here's how it works in 3 steps: 1. Find your workbook. 2. Click the More icon, represented by three dots. 3. Then click Bookmark Folder to save your workbook. The code entitles the user to a 12-month subscription to Wordly Wise 3000 Study Sets. Code invalid 24 months after the date printed on the copyright page. Want to learn more about Quizlet or have any questions about using the website or mobile apps? See the Help Center at quizlet.com/help. abjure (7) abjure (17) deny (2) push (13) abort (18) native (8) pick up (8) bitter (14) acolyte (1) act (6) cunning (10) summon (13) hint ( 2) amalgam (3) amorphous (7) anachronism (15) auxiliary (17) animus (7) antediluvian (3) beekeeping (15) apocalyptic (16) apothecary (3) apothegm (2) apotheosis (10) denomination (19) ) appropriate (9) Inform (12) Approval (4) Accessory (8) Archaic (5) Archetype (15) Arrogated (18) Asket (3) Skewed (10) Aspersion (2) Badinage (17) Selig (12) Bedizen ( 17) charitable (3) deranged (4) absorbing (1) bivouac (8) bourgeois (4) brackish (6) cacophony (11) corpse (18) slander (9) duck (14) carcinogenic (15) revelry (5 ) ) Quick (17) Cerebral (18) Whale (8) Talkative (3) Chaste (10) Checkered (15) Bullying (5) Curse (2) Coalescing (1) Convincing (12) Cognitive (6) Conversation (12 ) Comma (18) concatenation (16) brother (11) congenital (2) conjugal (19) consanguinity (18) contentious (5) recruited (11) kr munch (16) cornucopia (15) in covered (1) creed (4) cynosure (17) elegant (14) declaim (1) decree (16) condemn (8) repudiate (14) demarcate (1) demagogue (1) demarcate ( 10) inhabitant (3) corrupt ( 12) spot (13) profane (13) looting (20) disuse (8) return (15) dichotomy (7) opinion (10) didactic (19) amateur (13) discreet (12) conceal (5) dissertation (6) painful (6) dominance (9) dorsal (9) dotage (14) senior (3) induce (20) erase (12) efflorescence (19) effulgence (19) prodigious (5) enthusiasm (2) explain (12) empirical ( 4) commendation (1) endemic (6) invalidate (9) epicurean (9) equal (20) fair (15) ambiguous (13) formerly (10) avoid (4) exculpate (9) curse (5) exegesis (19) specimen (7) exhume (13) requirements (15) emigrate (4) emigrate (16) exterminate (13) fatalism (15) loyalty (5) fertile (6) stinking (16) daughter ( 11) flora (3) idiocy ( 13) foist (14) strong (10) wayward (11) withering (11) genealogy (6) genus (19) related (2) ghoul (18) gustatory (15) habitué (10) accidental (20) herculean (7) heterogeneous (9) hit us (2) holocaust (16) iconoclastic (4) suck (3) immature (2) inescapable (7) needy (4) intoxicated (6) inevitable (2) hell (12) infinitesimal (9) transgression (16) hurtful (18) insidious (6) tasteless (14) ruined (13) reckless (16) insular (20) trespasser (6) ) murderer (2) insidious (7) designated (2) itinerary ( 17) joker (13) joker (11) tearful (12) languor (18) lateral (9) commendable (4) leviathan (8) lemon (19) agile (17) order (4) sullen (8) chaos (20) melange (7) microcosm (5) environment (17) minion (16) trifles (15) misunderstanding (8) misunderstanding (14) villain (19) morbid (12) ) biting (19) manners (19) colorful (15) nadir (18) narcissism (14) nefarious (7) nemesis (19) nihilism (7) non plus (10) panacea (3) empty (11) marriage (18) stubborn (1) disgrace (11) rebellious (17) avoid ( 3) omniscient (12) duty (18) alleged (4) Arrogance (14) praise (14) palliative (12) tangible (11) example (17) parity (11) regrettable (20) paroxysm (8) paroxys mo (5) peccadillo (19) pecuniary (5) transparent (20) perennial (3) peripatetic (10) gift (17) exam (11) controversial (11) portal (13) exclude (20) precursor (6) premonition ( 1) premonition (6) supernatural (12) primitive (9) lost (10) parent (13) wordy (19) proximity (20) plaque (13) prospect (15) protagonist (1) protocol (18) prototype (2) delivery (8) putative (3) quadrennial (2) quintessence (9) ramification (6) predator (20) ratify (7) rebel (4) refuge (8) righteousness (5) rebel (18) burp (4) wit ( 14) repin (14) fed up (8) restitution (13) ridiculous (4) healthy (12) bloody (16) reddish (18) sartorial (14) erudite (3) schism (20) industrious (1) jagged (9) staccato (16) serious (17) cunning (5) foolish (5) sublime (20) subsume (7) plead (11) thin (14) symbiotic (16) kri echeric (10) symbiotic (17) silent (19) talismanic (20) delayed (11) earthy (20) thespic (16) frozen (6) pointed (1) tyro (17) utopian (1) empty (10) farewell (1) colorful (7) ven ndetta (5) truthful (16) truthful (9) vernal (15) viviparous (9) vitiate (7) renounce (8) specter (10)
312 WORDLY WISE BOOK 3OOO Direct Academic Vocabulary Instruction Pour Auflage W W Kenneth Hodkinson Sandra Adams Erika Hodkinson
4Editorial Team: Carolyn Daniels, Marie Sweetman, Erika Wentworth Cover Design: Deborah Rodman, Karen Swyers Interior Design: Deborah Rodman Vocabulary Enhancement Illustrations: Chris Murphy 2018 by School Specialty, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Printed in Benton Harbor, MI, May 2019 ISBN PPG
5Contents Lesson 1 1 The Invisible Man 8 Lesson 2 13 The Special Olympics 19 Lesson 3 24 The Mysteries of the Forest 31 Lesson 4 36 The Children's Home 43 Lesson Review Lesson 5 49 The Palio 55 Lesson 6 60 The Patient's Dilemma 67 Lesson 7 71 Conservation, combat and invention 77 Lesson 8 82 Save the whales or the whalers? 89 Lesson Review Lesson 9 96 The White Death 103 Mending the Circle Broken Lesson 150 Hepburn A to Z Lesson 161 Farming for Good Food and Fellowship Lesson 172 Lesson A The Cambodian Odyssey 184 Lesson Review Muhammad Ali Lesson 199 Lesson A Family Matters 211 Two-Dimensional Entertainment Lesson 223 Rapa Nui Lesson 234 Review of the Lessons Pronunciation Key 240 Lesson The Pop Mogul 113 Lesson Women's Day 125 Lesson About Death and Dying 137 Review of the Lessons
6Welcome to Wordly Wise 3000 You've been learning words your whole life. At first you only learned them by listening to other people talk. When you became a reader, you adopted a different way of learning words, and you are still learning them. Of course, it is important to know what the words mean. Your previous studies in school have shown this time and time again. We might be tempted to skip words we don't know, especially difficult words when we see them in textbooks. But that affects how well we understand what we read. Ultimately, the goal of all reading, whether in books we read for pleasure, in textbooks, or online, is comprehension. Please read this sentence of an application: All applicants must have a current Catalipan if they want to be considered for the position. You can probably read and understand every word in the sentence except Katalipan because it's nonsense. You could say, well, it's just a word. But if it was a real word, you would have no idea what topical item you need. This would not be a good idea if you were applying for the job. The more words you know, the better you will understand everything you read. Wordly Wise 3000 will help you learn many words, but it can't teach you all the words you'll need. However, it can help you learn new words on your own. How do you learn the meanings of words? There are two ways to learn what words mean: indirectly and directly. You learn the meanings of words indirectly by hearing and reading the words. In fact, the more you listen and read, the more words you'll learn. Reading books, magazines, and online can help you build your vocabulary. But some words have to be learned directly. You can study them for a class, look them up in a dictionary or glossary, or ask someone what they mean. At school you learn many words directly. IV.
7As you use this book, you will learn words directly. You read the words, learn what they mean, and study them. Then practice them as you do the activities. Finally, you can even use them in your own texts or conversations. There's an old saying: use a word three times and it's yours. Of course, three times is not enough, but the idea is correct. The more you practice using a word, the better you will understand it. What is school language? School language refers to the vocabulary found in the books you read, from novels to textbooks and on tests. You read them online as you search for information. Your teacher uses these words to explain a math or reading concept. Some are related to a specific topic, like the Hubble telescope. Others are important academic terms, like hypothesis. No matter how much you talk casually with friends and watch TV or movies, you won't hear enough of this kind of school language to learn the words you need to know. That is why you often have to study those words directly. In this book, these important words are underlined so that you can focus on them. Wordly Wise 3000 is designed to teach you some of those words you need to do well in school. Many of the words in Wordly Wise 3000 can be found on college entrance tests such as the SAT and ACT, state tests, and tests required for high school graduation. Wordly Wise 3000 also helps you learn more words. Remember that there is nothing that helps you understand what you are reading as much as knowing the meaning of the word. How to know the meaning of a word? What should you do when you think of a word and think you don't know what it means? Say it first, say it to yourself, maybe then it will sound like a word you know. Sometimes you know a word in your head without knowing how it looks in print. So when you put together what you know and what you read, you have the say! Worldly Sage 3000 Book 12 B.C.
8Use context If that doesn't work, take the next step: look at the context of the word and the other words and phrases around it. Sometimes these can give you a clue as to the meaning of the word. Here's an example: Will and Karen spent the night dealing with the scented creature. Say you don't know what fragrant means. What kind of creature did Will and Karen have to deal with? A monster? An insect? Then keep reading: Your dog, Dickens, was sprayed by a skunk while he was out for his evening walk. They spent the next hour bathing the poor animal in tomato juice to get rid of the smell. Now you see that the creature that smells is a dog that has been sprayed by a skunk, as you know, an animal that sprays a horrible-smelling substance when startled. Reread the sentence with that meaning. It works. In this sentence, odoriferous means that it emits a bad odor. Use word parts If the context doesn't help, look at the word parts. Do you know any prefix? What about the suffixes? Or roots? These can help you figure out what it means. Read this sentence: Kareem Abdul Jabbar was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in If you don't know the meaning of inducted, try parts of the word. In- is a prefix meaning in or in. The root duc or conduit comes from the Latin word ducere, which means to lead. Finally, you know that the suffix -ed indicates that the word is in the past tense. So you put it together and find out that induced means led or brought. That makes perfect sense in this sentence. Look It Up If pronouncing the word or using the context and parts of words doesn't work, you can look it up in a dictionary, book, online reference, or glossary. No one knows the meaning of every word, but good readers know how to use these strategies to find words they don't know. Get in the habit of using it while reading and you'll be surprised at how automatic it becomes. saw
9How well do you know a word? It is important to know a lot of words and keep learning new ones. But it is also important to know them well. In fact, some experts say that there are four levels of knowledge of a word: 1. I have never seen/heard it before. 2. I heard/saw it but I don't know what it means. 3. I think it has something to do with 4. I know.* Just because you can read a word and memorize its definition doesn't mean you know it well or completely. You want to know it well enough to know when to use it and when to use another word in its place. One way to deepen your knowledge of a word is to use a graphic organizer like the one below that talks about the word promontory. Definition card concept What is it? a high point of land that juts out into the water Examples cape, promontory, peninsula No examples island, hill, promontory What is it like? could be made of rock is attached to a larger land mass If you can complete all parts of this graphic organizer, you're well on your way to really knowing the word promontory. *Dale, E. & O. Rourke, J. (1986). build vocabulary. Columbus, OH: Zaner-Bloser. Worldly Wise 3000 Book 12 vii
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11Lesson 1 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. acolyte a kә līt bibulous bi byә lәs coalesce kō ә les n. A person who helps in some services by performing minor tasks; someone present or assisting, a follower. The followers of the film director were pending each of his words. adj. 1. Considering the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Health education courses provide information on the harm that can result from a too-full lifestyle. 2. Very absorbent. The dentist asked for a large amount of absorbent paper to place his instruments. v. grow up together; unite into a whole. Disgruntled Republicans and Democrats supported third-party candidates. Discuss with your partner if there is a social reason your class could join. covered kō vurt adj. Not openly acknowledged; Secret. The intelligence operation was supposed to be covert, but sophisticated technology revealed the plan. Talk to your partner about why it's important to go undercover when planning a surprise party. declaim di klam v. recite something in the style of a public speech; speak loudly, theatrically. To be or not to be, the actor declared, that is the question. Get up and share your thoughts about your senior year of high school with your partner. delinear di li nē āt v. 1. Describe clearly and in detail. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen describes the social practices of the English upper class at the end of the 18th century. 2. To draw a contour; represent graphically. In her studio, the architect sketched out her plan for the new wing of the building. Outline your idea of a perfect day for your partner. Demagogue of mә gäg encomium in kō mē әm n. Leader who seeks power by appealing to people's emotions and prejudices, making false claims and promises. In the 1950s, Senator Joseph McCarthy was a demagogue who played on people's fears of communism. demagogy s. no. (plural: commend or commend) An expression of warm and enthusiastic praise; a levy At a dinner in his honor, the philanthropist was praised for his generous financial donation to the cancer center. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 1
12tenacious äb dә rәt foresight pre she әn ts adj. 1. resistant to persuasion; inflexible. Despite our pleas, Maisie remained stubborn in her determination to take the dangerous path. 2. Persistent in evil. The judge argued that the weathered high school student would benefit more from a specific education than prolonged imprisonment. stubbornness s.foreseeing; prior knowledge of the facts. The ancient Greeks consulted oracles because they believed they had the power of foresight. farsighted Talk to your partner about whether you believe in farsighted fortune tellers. Protagonist pro ta gә nist The main character in a drama or story. The protagonist of Shakespeare's tragedies is usually a person destroyed by a character flaw such as jealousy or excessive ambition. Tell your partner about some qualities that your ideal protagonist would have in a superhero book or movie. anxious se j ls pointant train ch n t utopia yoo tō pē ә adj. Completed with careful perseverance; hard work. Through their tireless efforts, Project HOPE staff delivered medicines and supplies to doctors and patients in the disaster area. adj. Expressed with power and penetrating insight; perceptual. The book's author did not like the reviewer's harsh criticism. n) Place or state of perfect social and political conditions. The utopia promised by communism did not materialize in Eastern Europe. utopian Describe your idea of utopia to your partner. Goodbye va lê dik tê r ē n A farewell speech, especially at a graduation ceremony. The valedictory address is usually given by a student who has earned major honors. adj. Of or relating to said farewell speech. General Lee's parting words to the Army of Virginia were tinged with sadness. Farewell nº 2 Lesson 1
131A Understanding meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. 1. To describe something is to describe it. 2. A large gathering is one in which excessive amounts of alcohol are consumed. 3. A utopia is a false promise. 4. A stubborn person is someone who stubbornly clings to a position. 5. A covert action is one that is in plain sight. 6. A compliment is an expression of displeasure. 7. An acolyte is anything that causes a change. 8. Demagogy appeals to the prejudices of people in pursuit of power. 9. A forward-thinking person is someone who can anticipate what might happen. 10. A farewell speech is a farewell speech. 11. An enthusiastic effort is one that is half-hearted. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 3
1412. A protagonist is a person who is quick to criticize. 13. To claim something is to deny having anything to do with it. 14. A cutting comment is one that is pronounced forcefully. 15. To merge means to unite into one body. 1B Word Usage If the word in bold (or a form of the word) fits into a sentence from the following group, write it in the space. If the word does not match, leave the field blank. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. declaim (a) Pam said that she would have the money. the reward for not really needing him absorbing acolyte covert coalescence declamation outline demagogue praise lingering foreboding protagonist studious pointed utopia farewell (b) Sultan loves hearing his views on education reform to anyone willing to listen. (c) I didn't quite understand what you said, could you please? 2. persistent (a) In winter, severe frost makes the soccer field too playable. (b) Kumiko asked his parents to change their mind, but they did. (c) Pulling weeds was such a big job that we soon gave up. 3. Farewell (a) This short note was from Professor Higgs to her colleagues. (b) It is customary for presidents to make a speech after leaving office. (c) The performers presented the director with a Miró print. 4 Lesson 1
quince4. bibulous (a) Drinks will not be served to persons under the age of twenty-one. (b) The company year-end party is not what it used to be. (c) Some people believe that drinking a glass of wine a day can be a wholesome and wholesome act. 5. Protagonist (a) Macbeth is the tragedy of the same name by Shakespeare. (b) England was France in the Hundred Years War ( ). (c) Every sixth merger (a) Both cars in the 100-meter race had a chance to win. during the accident. (b) Political parties were looking for a leader around whom they could. (c) Water molecules begin when the temperature drops to 0 C. 7. Foresight (a) Darío's decision to take the first train indicated that the last train had derailed. if he (b) Farmers often show themselves very well with the weather. (c) With the project completed in two days, the designers felt very comfortable. 8. diligent (a) She smiled when I saw her joke. (b) Working in the midday sun is extreme for her efforts. (c) After the blizzard, the snow crews cleared the streets, but she will be paid well for her efforts at SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 5
sixteenWord Study 1C: Synonyms and Antonyms Each word group contains two words that are either synonyms or antonyms. circulate them. Then circle S if they are synonyms or A if they are antonyms. 1. secretive obstinate silent covert S A 2. flexible obstinate prophetic honest S A 3. bully protagonist follower acolyte S A 4. utopian enormously vague sharp S A 5. alert absorbing moderately industrious S A 6. merge sketch smooth dispersion S A 7. demagogic praise protagonist tribute SA 8 . relevant anxious utopian diligent S A 9. presentiment retrospective farewell defeat S A 10. sketch declaim wish explain S A absorbing acolyte merge covert declaim delineate demagogue persistent commendation presentiment protagonist anxious shrewd utopia farewell 6 lesson 1
171D Word Pictures Circle the letter next to the sentence that suggests the word in bold. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Demagogy (a) The man claimed to be a doctor, but in reality he knew little about medicine. (b) The speaker argued that improving government-sponsored health services for senior citizens would cost too much. (c) It is shameful to subtly appeal to racial prejudice to win votes. 2. Covert (a) The fall of the Bokhari government took most people by surprise. (b) Although they try to hide it, it is obvious that the two of them are planning a surprise. (c) The agents were disappointed when their trick to catch the smugglers failed. 3rd Acolyte (a) The tree was only four feet tall when we planted it. (b) Although the neurosurgeon performed the critical procedures, the resident assisted with routine procedures throughout the operation. (c) The apprentice watched as the mason began to build the curved wall. 4. Outline (a) With a few quick pencil strokes, Roz captured Sean's confused expression. b) Roberta repeated that she had been at her house since eight o'clock and she did not know anything about the robbery. (c) Charles Dickens's ability to portray characters vividly is widely recognized. 5. Praise (a) You did not give me enough time to do the job correctly. (b) Watch out! Look where you're going! (c) This humidifier has received the highest ratings from an independent testing center. 6. Goodbye (a) Everything I am I owe to my mother angel is one of Abraham Lincoln's best-known quotes about his private life. (b) A plague on both houses! exclaimed Mercutio. (c) Pisa Pizza has the best calzones in town. 7. utopian (a) My grandparents came to this country in search of a new life. (b) Our group monitors the water quality in the bay. (c) One day poverty, crime and disease will be banished from the earth. 8. Protagonist (a) Willy Loman faces a variety of difficult situations throughout the play. (b) Audrey Hepburn starred in the Broadway musical My Fair Lady. (c) Former President Jimmy Carter received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 7
189. deliberately (a) The soldiers positioned themselves in such a way as to prevent a surprise attack. (b) Caroline didn't think much of the popular author's latest book. (c) The negotiator's comment goes to the heart of the dispute between employers and employees. 10. Foresight (a) I think I'll get sick, Padma murmured. (b) Hosea was sure that the car would break down after the warranty expired. (c) The next full moon will be on October 9. 1E Vocabulary in Context Read the passage. Invisible Man fragile acolyte covert coalescence delineated demagogue demagogue persistent foreboding protagonist anxious perceptive utopia farewell In the summer of 1945, Ralph Ellison lived on a friend's farm in Vermont, recovering from a stress-related illness that was the result of his service in wartime in the merchant navy. He hoped to use the time to write. Although little known as an author, he wrote essays on literature for years. One day, while he was sitting at his typewriter, he chose the words: I am an invisible man. At first he wasn't sure what the phrase meant, but as he thought about it, a number of ideas related to his identity as an African-American began to arise in him. Although he was unaware of the impact of his book at the time, he had begun writing one of the most important novels of the 20th century. It took him seven years to do it. When the work was published as Invisible Man in 1952, the acclaim (including the National Book Award for Fiction in 1953) assured it of its instant status as a classic American novel. He has held this position ever since. A frequently highlighted feature of the book is Ellison's use of the richness and diversity of the African-American language and experience. Another feature that is often mentioned is the book forecast. Many of the events depicted in the novel have parallels in the civil rights and black power movements that erupted in the United States a few years after its publication. The protagonist of Invisible Man is an anonymous African-American. He is invisible as an individual because white Americans, blinded by racial stereotypes, only see the color of his skin. The novel begins with his graduation from a southern high school. He was asked to deliver the farewell speech. He is later invited to give his speech at a meeting of the town's leading white male citizens and receive a scholarship from them. This turns out to be a promising opportunity where the entertainment is a battle pitting the Invisible Man against his classmates. The speech of him is almost forgotten. Battered and bloodied from battle, 8 Lesson 1
19The invisible man gives his speech. Still dazed from the fray, he uses the words social equality instead of social responsibility. One of the men in the audience angrily challenges him and informs him: We want to agree with you, but you must know your place at all times. The rest of the novel deals with the Invisible Man's attempts to find his place, and is not explicitly where white America sent him. Dropped out of the college he attended for unknowingly embarrassing the school's president, the Invisible Man travels to upstate New York to find a job. After a series of jobs, he becomes an acolyte of Brother Jack, leader of the Brotherhood, a group that hopes to further its goals of social change by tapping into African-American discontent over discrimination. In part inspired by the Communist Party, which sought a covert alliance with African-Americans for its own political ends, the Brotherhood offers a utopian vision of equality. However, the Invisible Man begins to understand that he and other African-American members are being used by the organization. The demagogy of Ras the Exhorter, leader of an African-American separatist group, offers little hope for change to African-Americans, as do the false promises of the Brotherhood. In the midst of a violent uprising, instigated in part by the Brotherhood and taken over by Ras and his followers, the Invisible Man takes refuge in an underground coal bunker from where he tells his story. In the final passage of the novel, he announces that I will take off my old skin and leave it here in the hole. I go out, no less invisible without her, but coming out at last. And I guess this is a damn good time. In the years that followed, Ellison's harsh criticism of race relations in the United States did not go down well with militant African-American leaders, who saw him as an apologist for white America. But Ellison insisted that literature was not propaganda for a specific purpose. In one of his essays, he says, I had to come to terms with the fact that if I tried to conform to his point of view, it would not only be dishonest but would disastrously wound that sense of complexity, historically and culturally, politically and personally. of which it is my destiny and privilege to write. For the next forty years, Ellison worked tirelessly on a second novel. When he died in April 1994, it was still unfinished, consisting of some 1,500 handwritten pages, stored in various boxes in no particular order. Ellison's widow invited her old friend John Callahan, a literature professor, to turn this material into a novel. The resulting 368-page work, titled Juneteenth, was published in 1999 to mixed reviews. Invisible Man had set an extraordinarily high standard that some reviewers felt the second book failed to achieve. Ellison once said that he would rather write one good book than five bad ones. In the end, he maybe he did. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 9
20Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. fragile acolyte covert union declamation demagogic praise doggedly clairvoyant protagonist industrious pointed utopia farewell 1. Why would it be inaccurate to say that Ralph Ellison presents a utopian vision of African-American life in Invisible Man? 2. Why is it unusual for a protagonist not to have a name? 3. Why can we assume that the gathering of white citizens at the invisible man's high school graduation got louder and louder as the night wore on? 4. What effect did the phrase I am an invisible man have on Ellison? 5. What do you think the Invisible Man did for Brother Jack? 6. What details in the story indicate that Ras the Admonisher likely presented his ideas to those who would listen? 7. Why wouldn't the foresight of the ideas in the book have been apparent at the time of publication? 8. What details indicate that the invisible was jealous in his studies? 9. How does the passage show that Ellison said what he thought? 10. How do you know that the Invisible Man flatly refused to take the place that white society had assigned him? 10 lesson 1
2111. How was the reception of Juneteenth different from that of Invisible Man? Fun and Fascinating FACTS A covert action is an action that is hidden or kept secret. The term comes from the French verb couvrir, to cover. Its antonym is obvious. An open act is an act that is visible to everyone. This word comes from the French ouvrir, to open. Since Pro means for and Antieans against, it seems reasonable to assume that antagonist and protagonist are antonyms, but they are not. Antagonist is derived from anti, against and from the Greek agon, fight, and means someone who opposes or fights against another. Protagonist is actually formed from proto-, first, and from the Greek agonistes, an actor, meaning the main character in a play or story. In ancient Greek drama, the leading man was the first actor to come on stage and engage in dialogue with the chorus. Sir Thomas More was an English statesman and author. In 1516 he wrote Utopia, a description of an ideal state governed by reason. The title derives from the Greek ou, no, and topos, place. It literally means no (such) place. The word entered the language unchanged as a noun and received a utopian adjectival form. Unless the location More describes is named, the word is not capitalized. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 11
221 Vocabulary Expansion Protagonist Noun The main character in a novel, play, or film. Detective Sherlock Holmes is the well-known protagonist of the classic mystery series created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Academic Context After finishing a novel, students often have an intense relationship with the protagonist. Context Clues This sentence provides clues to the meaning of protagonist. The protagonist of Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein is Dr. Victor Frankenstein, the creator of the monster. Discussion and Writing Topic Describe the protagonist of your favorite movie or novel. Why is he or she your favourite? 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. 12 lesson 1
23Lesson 2 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. acquit ab zälv presage a dәm brāt v. Clear guilt or release a promise or responsibility. Court-ordered DNA testing cleared the suspect of the charges. v. 1. Anticipate indirectly. The League of Nations has hinted at the United Nations. 2. To draw incomplete; partially revealed. The architect Norman Foster sketched his idea for the Bilbao Metro entrances, saving the details for later. Talk with his partner about how his high school career could herald his future. Apothegma a pә sie slander ә sp ur zhәn n. A brief and instructive saying. What do you think of the apothegm Easy eats; Easy going? no. A defamatory term; Defamation. Slandering the good character of another is a despicable act. Discuss with your partner why slandering someone can reveal more about your character than the other person's. Koadjutor kō ә jōo tәr kön congenital je ne tәl n Someone who works with another, usually in a subordinate position; an assistant. The film director's curate arranged the schedule so that the production ran smoothly. adj. Existing at or since birth; be an essential feature. Surgeons can now make dramatic improvements to congenital physical anomalies. Share with your partner if you are a born tidy freak or a born mess. élan à län germane jәr mān hiatus hī à tәs n. A living spirit with a distinctive style. The band played with such panache that they were invited to lead the parade. adj. factual and appropriate. During her press conference, the governor declined to answer questions unrelated to her proposed budget. no. A break or breach in space, continuity, or time. The sculptor expressed his frustration at the interruption in his productivity in recent years. Immure i myoor v. confine within or as within walls; lock up in jail. Rapunzel let go of her long hair to escape from the tall tower in which she was walled. Talk to your partner if you feel constrained in high school or liberated by your education. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 13
24inevitable i ni lêk tê be internecine in tÙr ne sēn adj. Not to avoid or change; inevitable. The inevitable interference of the United States in European affairs began in adj. 1. Sacrificed; mutually destructive. Animal keepers were concerned about extermination fights among the great apes. 2. Regarding conflicts within a group. The murderous struggle between the country's ruling elite spread abroad. Tell your partner about a murderous fight in a famous family. designated in v.k v. 1. To make a serious appeal. The petitioners requested the support of their congressmen to continue financing public television. 2. Quote to justify. The witness refused to testify, invoking her Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. If the Greek pantheon were real, tell your partner which of the gods you would invoke to protect yourself from harm (for example, Hades or Athena). prototype prō tә tip s. A person or thing that serves as an example of its type; an original. The prototype car actually looked like a horseless carriage. Talk to your partner about the importance of building a prototype before selling a new product. every four years kwä dre nē әl adj. 1. Every four years. Presidential elections are held in the United States every four years. 2. Duration of four years. The governor's four-year term ends next January. 2A Determine the exact meaning Choose the most accurate paraphrase for each sentence. 1. The author kept the identity of her curate secret. a) The author kept the identity of her editor secret. b) The author kept the identity of her assistant secret. 2. Pedro had the style of a movie star. (a) Pedro looked as good as a movie star. (b) Peter had the dashing spirit of a movie star. 14 Lesson 2
253. The inevitable event happened when the Titanic and the iceberg collided. (a) The easily avoidable event occurred when the Titanic and the iceberg collided. (b) The inevitable event occurred when the Titanic and the iceberg collided. 4. A person's ethnic origin has nothing to do with the quality of their work. (a) A person's ethnic origin is not relevant to the quality of his or her work. (b) A person's ethnic origin is not irrelevant to the quality of his or her work. 5. The speech outlined a world without barriers. (a) The speech expected a world without barriers. (b) The speech threatened a world without barriers. 6. The defendant invoked her right to remain silent. (a) The defendant has waived her right to remain silent. (b) Respondent has asserted its right to remain silent. 7. The exposed model is a prototype. (a) The model shown is not in full production. (b) The model on display is outdated. 8. The duke was walled in his castle. (a) The duke was imprisoned in his castle. (b) The duke was crowned in his castle. 9. We now know that many diseases are congenital. (a) We now know that many diseases are caused by insect bites. (b) We now know that many diseases are inherited from one parent. 10. When the case was resolved, the three people were acquitted. a) When the case was resolved, the three people received financial compensation. (b) When the case was resolved, all three people were found not guilty. 11. Do you remember the apothegm that our teacher told us about? (a) Do you remember the historical speech that our teacher talked about? (b) Do you remember the popular wisdom told by our teacher? 12. The fighting was deadly, making it more difficult to restore order. (a) Fighting broke out between rival groups, making it difficult to restore order. (b) Fighting took place on behalf of outside groups, making it difficult to restore order. 13. The Games are held every four years. (a) The Games are held every four years. (b) The games are shared by four countries. 14. I take time off work to relax and spend time with my family. (a) I take a loan from my job to relax and spend time with my family. (b) I am taking a short vacation from work to relax and spend time with my family. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 15
2615. Keenan was angry about his company's smears. (a) Keenan was upset by the rude comments made about his company. (b) Keenan was annoyed by the constant delays of his company. 2B Understanding relationships between words Circle the letter next to each correct answer. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. What word or words are associated with proving one's innocence? (a) justify (b) absolve (c) immure (d) invoke 2. What word or words are associated with brief sayings? (a) proverb (b) apothegm (c) maxim (d) hiatus 3. What word or words belong to criticize? (a) unavoidable (b) censorship (c) slander (d) merge excuse outline apothegm slander curate innate panache pertinent hiatus unavoidable internecine conjure quadrennial prototype 4. What word or words are associated with innate? (a) stubborn (b) innate (c) internal (d) innate 5. Which word or words are relevant? (a) relevant (b) sedentary (c) relevant (d) unavoidable 6. What word or words are related to temporary? (a) Myriad (b) Praise (c) Suspension (d) Pause 16 Lesson 2
277. What word or words refer to prison? (a) imprison (b) imprison (c) invoke (d) bind 8. What word or words are associated with inevitable? (a) intestinal (b) unavoidable (c) absorbent (d) early 9. What word or words does the appeal refer to? (a) called (b) described (c) acquitted (d) asked 10. What word or words are associated with the style? (a) Sprinkling (b) Elan (c) Elan (d) Foresight 2C Word Study: Analogies Complete the analogies by choosing the word pair whose relationship is most similar to the relationship of the capitalized pair. Circle the letter next to the pair you choose. 1. FOUR-YEARLY: FOUR :: (a) fifth: five (b) annual: one 2. IMMURES: WALLS :: (a) delimited: details (b) moored: boats (c) triangular: three (d) double: two (c) in the air: wings (d) in the cage: bars 3. DECLARATION: VOICE:: (a) punch: pen (b) drink: thirst (c) breath: pause (d) gesture: hand (c) wild: Tiger (d) sociable: words SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 17
285. COMMENDATION : PRAISE :: (a) agility : speed (b) mile : distance 6. APOTEGM : MAXIMUM :: (a) Acolyte : master (b) Sprinkling : offense 7. INEVITABLE : PREVENTABLE :: (a) covert : flagrant (b) internecine : destructive 8. DUMBRATE : FUTURE :: (a) limit : quantity (b) reduce : quantity 9. INVOKE : REPUSE :: (a) absolve : imply (b) merge : unite 10. GERMANE : RELEVANT :: (a) diligent : careless (b) cutting : kind (c) farewell : farewell (d) antidote : poison (c) demagogue : senator (d) prototype : factory (c) German : alien (d) innate : kind (c) measure: time (d) remember: past (c) determine: discover (d) remember: remember (c) stubborn: stubborn (d) say goodbye: proud 2D Understand contextual meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. complete outline apothegm aspersion congenital curate élan germane hiatus immuro inevitable internecine vocation prototype quadrennial 1. Otto Benz developed the first prototype of the car. 2. Sidell's innate personality made him a popular friend. 3. The inescapable fact is that we lost because we played poorly. 4. The curate of the orchestra teacher was also a famous pianist. 5. Sherlock Holmes cleared the case in a matter of minutes. 18 Lesson 2
296. The sale, which takes place every four years, attracts thousands of customers. 7. The home team raced to victory, fueled by the cheerleading spirit. 8. My family spends the holidays with friends. 9. Chiyo's slander was totally unjustified, so forget it. 10. The power grid is killer, connecting all parts of the country. 2E Vocabulary in Context Read the passage. Special Olympics When John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1960, all but one of his family was in the spotlight. Since 1942 his younger sister Rosemary lived in an institution for people with intellectual disabilities. Back then, many people like Rosemary were locked up in institutions for the rest of their lives. Families often felt that they could not care for children with this disability and that institutionalization was inevitable. Unfortunately, some families have been relieved, even by institutions, of the difficult responsibility of raising a child with these disabilities. Mental disabilities begin before the age of 18 and are often congenital. They are not considered mental illness. These disabilities manifest as limitations in intellectual development and adaptive behavior. People with intellectual disabilities may not be able to express themselves clearly or perform everyday activities such as getting dressed. Unfortunately, many people with intellectual disabilities are mistreated and often fall victim to slander by their peers. In the late 1960s, people with intellectual disabilities had a new opportunity to earn the respect they deserved by society. Rosemary Kennedy's younger sister, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, was inspired to start a sports meet for people with intellectual disabilities. Shriver directed the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 19
30postgraduate outline apothegm aspersion congenital curate élan germane hiatus immure inescapable internecine designated prototype four-year foundation that funded research on intellectual disabilities. He enlisted the help of Olympic gold medalist Rafer Johnson, a family friend who advised the Kennedy Foundation on fitness programs for people with intellectual disabilities. After she outlined her vision for an athletic training program and competition, he agreed to work with her as a curate. Her collaboration led to the first Special Olympics, held at Soldier Field, Chicago, on July 20, 1968; This became the prototype for future Special Olympics. Over a thousand athletes with intellectual disabilities came from twenty-six states and Canada to compete in track, floorball, and swimming events. They did it with a panache that wowed family and friends who were there to cheer them on. No longer marginalized, they took center stage and reveled in it. Not everyone won a medal, but no one felt like a loser. Furthermore, the competitors left the stadium knowing that special training programs were in place to help them improve even further next time, giving truth to the apothegm, where there is a will, there is a path. Over the next few decades, Shriver and Johnson, along with an army of volunteers, saw Special Olympics grow to become the world's largest amateur sports organization, enrolling nearly one million children and adults with intellectual disabilities. Local and state preliminary competitions lead to the World Summer and Winter Special Olympics Games, which are held every four years. These events are made possible through the efforts of tens of thousands of volunteers. Nearly 6,500 athletes from more than 165 countries participated in the 2015 Summer Games in Los Angeles. Sports journalist Diana Nyad likened these events to the Olympic Games in ancient Greece, when deadly warfare between the city-states was called off for the month-long Games. She added: “Special Olympics athletes with intellectual disabilities see their games as a break from their constant struggle for acceptance and respect in their daily lives. Differences in skin color, religion, and politics are not relevant to Special Olympians. They have a mission: to build fitness, show courage, experience joy, and participate by sharing gifts, skills, and friendships with their families, other Special Olympics athletes, and the community. Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. When do mental disabilities start? 2. What problems do people with intellectual disabilities have? 20 Lesson 2
313. How is life for people with intellectual disabilities different today than it was in the 1950s? 4. Why is The Apothegma Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained a good description of the efforts of Eunice Kennedy Shriver in 1968? 5. How did the Olympics provide a prototype for Special Olympics? 6. What role did Rafer Johnson play in the first Special Olympics? 7. Why would it be wrong to say today that people with intellectual disabilities face an inescapable fate? 8. How do you know that athletes enjoyed participating in the first Special Olympics? 9. According to this passage, what factors were instrumental in the successful development of Special Olympics? 10. Why do you think the Special Olympics World Summer and Winter Games are held every four years? 11. According to Diana Nyad, how does the benefit of the Special Olympics for people with intellectual disabilities compare today with the benefit of the Olympic Games for the Greeks long ago? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 21
32Fun and Fascinating FACTS One of the meanings of sketching is foreshadowing, and the word itself suggests this; It is formed from the Latin prefix ad-, direction, and umbra, shadow. When something is in shadow, its details cannot be seen clearly and this is suggested by the other meaning of the word to give an overview, since to do so is to explain without going into too much detail. A common word that shares this Latin root is umbrella; It not only protects from the rain but also provides shade from the sun. The Latin prefix in-, in or inside changes to im-vor definite consonants to facilitate pronunciation, as in immure, where it is combined with Latin murus, wall. Locking someone up means keeping that person locked up in a walled cell. Mural, a picture painted on a wall, comes from the same root. A semi-annual event is held every four years. The word is made up of the Latin quad- or quadri-, four, and ennium from annus, year. Related words are formed from bi-, two; tri, three; December, ten; and centum, hundred. There is a biennial event every two years, a triennial event every three years, a ten-year event every ten years, and a centennial event every hundred years. complete outline apothegm aspersion congenital curate élan germane hiatus immuro unavoidable internecine invoke quadrennial prototype 22 Lesson 2
332 Vocabulary expansion invoke verb 1. Mention something to make others feel. 2. Refer to something to support or justify your idea. Academic Context In a history class, you may be asked to use historical facts to support an opinion about current events. Word Parts The prefix en- means in or toward, and the Latin root vocare (voc/vok) means to call. So to invoke means to call. Can you think of other words with the prefix in- or the Latin root voc/vok? Start the discussion and write If a family in your town needs help buying groceries and medicine, how can they ask the church for help? 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Worldly Sage 3000 Book 12 23
34Lesson 3 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. Amalgam ә bad gem No. 1. An alloy of mercury and other metals. Silver amalgam, once commonly used to fill cavities in teeth, is being replaced by a composite of other materials. 2. A mixture of different elements. The report is a strange mix of practical proposals and questionable claims of past achievement. Discuss with your partner the evidence of how your life has been a mixture of victories and failures. antediluvian an ti dә loo v ē әn apothecary ә pä theә ker ē ascetic ә se tik adj. Very old or outdated. In the age of mobile phones and mobile phones, picking up a pen to write a letter seems almost antediluvian. n) Whoever manufactures and sells ointments, medicines and similar items for medical purposes. Romeo convinced the impoverished pharmacist to illegally sell him the deadly poison. adj. give up complacency. Henry David Thoreau lived an ascetic life during his two years in a cabin on Walden Pond. no. A person who practices self-denial. In search of the meaning of life, the man who became a Buddha lived as an ascetic for many years. Ask your partner if his lifestyle would be described as austere or decadent. be charitable ne f n t adj. do or produce good. Quitting smoking has a positive effect on health. Talk to your partner about a charity you or someone you know has done. Charlatan shär le tәn denizen de nә zen n. Someone who falsely claims knowledge or skills. Anyone whose program promises instant fame and fortune is a charlatan. no. A resident, occupant or visitor of a place. In several of his novels, Marcel Pagnol vividly portrays the inhabitants of small rural towns in the south of France. Tell your partner about the wild animals that live in your neighborhood. 24 Lesson 3
35doyen dōi әn flo a flôr a imbibe im bīb no. 1. A high-ranking member of a group, especially one that is highly respected. Anthropologist Louis Leakey was the dean of a small group looking for evidence of human origins. 2. The oldest example of a category. The famous General Sherman tree is a dean of forest trees. dean s. The female equivalent of dean. n. Plants considered as a group in a certain area or season. Among the flora of Florida, dozens of species of palm trees stand out. v. 1. Consume while drinking. As the designated driver, I will not consume a single alcoholic drink. 2. Absorb or mentally absorb. Graphics students enthusiastically welcomed the possibilities of the new computer. Share with your partner the most important value you learned during your school days. nostrum näs trәm obviate äb vē āt n Medication or remedy whose effectiveness has not been proven. This is a magic formula that, according to the manufacturers, will reverse hair loss. v. To prevent or make unnecessary; Get rid of. Frequent oil changes can prevent costly engine repairs. Ask your partner if daily exercise eliminates the need for a healthy diet. perennial pә r e nē әl putativ pyōo tә tiv savant sa vänt adj. Infinite or recurring. Until receiving financial counseling, credit card debt was a constant problem for this family. no. A plant that lives three or more years. Her garden includes some of my favorite perennials, lilies, poppies, and peonies. adj. Generally accepted or accepted; assume they exist. Isabel Marlowe is the heir presumptive to the Goldstone fortune and she will go to court to prove her claim. n.Person with detailed knowledge of a specialty. Thomas Jefferson was self-taught in various fields of knowledge. Talk to your partner about what field of knowledge you want to become an expert in. SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 25
363A Understand the meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. amalgam antediluvian apothecary ascetic benevolent charlatan inhabitants of the ancient flora imbibe nostrum prevent perennial supposed scholar 1. A beneficial substance is one that promotes health. 2. The flora of a region are all the flowers that grow in it. 3. Antediluvian rites are those that take place in or on water. 4. A recurring theme is one that keeps coming up. 5. An amalgam is a mixture. 6. A scholar is a clever or witty comment. 7. A sea creature is a creature that lives there. 8. An ascetic is a person who has a lot of knowledge. 9. To assimilate the facts is to assimilate them. 10. To avoid something is to avoid it. 11. A pharmacist is a person who sells medicinal preparations. 26 Lesson 3
3712. The dean of a group is its respected leader. 13. A panacea is an insulting comment. 14. A putative claim is a claim that has not yet been proven. 15. A charlatan is a person who falsely claims to be an expert. 3B Using Words If the word in bold (or a form of the word) fits into a sentence from the following group, write it in the space. If the word does not match, leave the field blank. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Inhabitant (a) The crocodile is a feared (b) Ancient (c) This word is a term for the upper Nile of Africa. from the town rarely venture outside in winter. from the dictionary and is rarely seen elsewhere. 2. Amalgam (a) Most dentists today avoid filling cavities with mercury content. due to his (b) racial prejudice he is a (c) The judge decides if the 3rd Flora (a) Meena ordered those of ignorance and fear. in a tall glass vase. of the two companies is legal. (b) The earth began with simple algae over a billion years ago. (c) Lichens. the Siberian tundra consists mainly of mosses and SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 27
384. Perennial (a) Larkspur is a plant that returns year after year. (b) With three small children, daily life in the house was characterized by activity. (c) Route one is Florida. 5. Asket (a) These vitamins have a highway that stretches from Maine to Key West affect me. (b) Soft blue velvet curtains enhanced the quality of the room. (c) During the war, when many items were rationed, most people had no choice but to practice a lifestyle. 6. Avoid (a) The new bridge (b) Our friends tried to leave. the need to increase the ferry service. to prevent us from leaving, but we have insisted that we (c) give clear instructions from the manager among the staff. any confusion that 7. (a) Plants can absorb moisture through their roots. (b) Students of the Classics humanities degree program. Knowledge of Latin and Greek amalgam antediluvian apothecary ascetic benevolent charlatan resident dean flora imbibe nostrum obviate perennial putative scholar (c) The school cannot accept more than fifty students in its freshman class. 8. Doyen(ne) (a) Skier Diana Golden, who has won twenty-nine gold medals after multiple surgeries, has become a favorite among disabled athletes. (b) Camilla is running for the senior class position. (c) The giant sequoia is the representative of the American plant kingdom. 28 Lesson 3
393C Word Study: Similar Meanings Choose between the two words provided and use each word only once when completing each sentence. A field must remain empty. antediluvian/vintage 1. There is a soda fountain at Main Street and Maple. 2. An orchard with apple and pear trees is an attractive feature of the property. 3. Dealing with manual typewriters in the computer age seems positive. Inhabitants / Inhabitants 4. The city has more than twenty thousand. 5. They have the right to vote under electoral law only. 6. The TV documentary was about giant squids and others from the deep. gulp/gulp 7. I was warned that the car would grease at a rate that would amaze me. 8. We stopped at the beauty of the valley below. 9. Young children begin to know as soon as they are born. stubborn / indomitable 10. The young woman became a lawbreaker at a young age. 11. It is a rule that children are in bed at ten. 12. Water turns when it turns into ice. amalgamate/join 13. When you have avocado, lemon juice and onion you will have guacamole. 14. The two companies will pool their resources. 15. A planet forms when dust particles are under the action of gravity. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 29
403D Word Pictures Circle the letter next to the sentence that suggests the word in bold. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. nostrum (a) Salk and Sabin vaccines greatly reduced the incidence of polio. (b) Eighty milligrams of aspirin is the dose of this pill for children. (c) Physicians once drained the blood of their patients to cure them. 2. Question (a) For breakfast, Sadie only has a bowl of cereal and a glass of orange juice. (b) Most plants thrive where there is fertile soil, water, and sun. (c) The costumes for the show were kept as simple as possible. 3. Antediluvian (a) Before the valley was flooded for the reservoir, this was fertile farmland. (b) I was surprised to see that peasants still used horse-drawn plows. (c) These air traffic controllers claim that their computers are out of date. 4. Perennial (a) The mint I planted five years ago has spread over much of the garden. (b) Junaid could never pay his paycheck by Friday and was always trying to borrow money from someone else. (c) The factory operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. amalgam antediluvian apothecary ascetic benevolent charlatan resident dean flora imbibe nostrum obviate perennial supposed sage 5. Doyenne (a) Amelia Earhart was the most respected aviator of her day. (b) Maria said that the quality she most admired in another person was honesty. (c) The marathon is one of the most demanding Olympic disciplines. 6. wise I don't think Mrs. Williams knows what's going on in her apartment. (b) Marie and Pierre Curie discovered radium and studied the properties of this radioactive substance. (c) They say that nobody knows more about language than Noam Chomsky. 7. Apothecary (a) The sign above the door said medicines and potions sold here. (b) Anything to help you stop sneezing? said the woman. I invented that myself. (c) The patient walked from the operating room to the recovery room. 8. Charlatan (a) Zambor sold the man a metal bracelet that was guaranteed to cure his rheumatism. (b) For a thousand dollars, Rama will reveal to you the secret of eternal youth. (c) Randy shook his head and said there was nothing he could do to help me. 30 Lesson 3
419. Supposedly (a) We assume that Khanda wrote the poem because it resembles his other work. (b) I assumed the money was a gift because you didn't say anything about the refund. (c) The detective assumed the identity of a petty burglar to gain the trust of the suspect. 10. charitable Because of her asthma, my sister prefers the Arizona climate. (b) Fido's behavior improved after attending dog school. (c) The Taj Mahal is one of the great architectural wonders of the world. 3E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. The Secrets of the Forest For most of human history, medicine has been a curious amalgamation of ancient dogmas, strange superstitions, and scientific truths bound together by blind faith in the doctor's panacea. A patient could do little to distinguish the charlatan from the true healer; It was often a matter of luck whether the patient recovered or got worse. Often the best medical advice came from pharmacists, expert herbalists who made their medicines and ointments from plants proven effective by trial and error over the centuries. Organic compounds called alkaloids formed in the bark, roots, stems, leaves, or berries give plants their healing properties. Its distinctive bitter taste may be an indication that a particular plant has useful medicinal properties. But alkaloids taken in large doses can also be deadly, causing illness, paralysis, or even death. An extract called atropine, derived from the belladonna plant, a perennial plant in the nightshade family, can be beneficial or deadly depending on the application. When used correctly, it relieves muscle spasms; Ingested in larger doses, it becomes a deadly poison. In 1909, the Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics began publication in Baltimore, Maryland. This was an indication that scientists were studying the medicinal properties of plants more rigorously. Around the same time, researchers from pharmaceutical companies began to develop synthetic alkaloids. The success of these products convinced many researchers that the future of drug discovery lies in the laboratory and not in nature, eliminating the need to trek across fields and forests on plant-collecting expeditions. Those who believed otherwise were considered antediluvian in their perspective. However, this attitude changed a few decades later when scientists discovered that new strains of organisms were resistant to synthetic drugs. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 31
42amalgam antediluvian apothecary ascetic benevolent quack resident dean flora imbibe nostrum obviate perennial supposed scholar The science of ethnobotany, the study of the relationship of the people of a particular region to the plants that grow there, became a reality when the limitations of drugs synthetics became apparent. The dean of this discipline was Richard Schultes. Schultes was a retired Harvard professor who lived extensively among Native American peoples in North, Central, and South America. His research on the mushrooms used by the Mazatecs of southern Mexico led to the development of visken, a drug used to treat heart disease. When Schultes first visited the Amazon jungle in the 1930s, the prevailing view of this remote part of the world, fueled by jungle adventure stories and movies, was that its inhabitants were savages armed with blowguns and poison-tipped darts. . Schultes refuted this notion; He found the people he lived among gentle and peaceful. In particular, he learned a lot from the tribal shamans, who acted as priests and herbalists. Many of them led ascetic lives in harmony with nature. Due to their role as healers in their communities, they had an encyclopedic knowledge of the medicinal properties of the local flora, acquired from previous generations and through experience. The respected Harvard professor liked to slip into the role of the student. He strove to learn from those whose knowledge in the field far exceeded his own. Botanists who have studied the subject estimate that there are a quarter of a million plant species worldwide. Up to sixty thousand people could live in the Amazon jungle, many of whom are still unknown to Western science. Unfortunately, this hidden treasure of nature is rapidly shrinking due to deforestation, creating new settlements and grazing land for cattle. Plant species are disappearing at an alarming rate, and the loss perceived by medical science is incalculable. Not only plant species, but also shamans who understand their healing powers are disappearing as Western popular culture invades the far reaches of the Amazon basin. To young people eagerly imbibing this commercial culture of designer T-shirts, mobile devices, canned soft drinks, and video games, the life of a shaman, with its long training, harmony with the natural world, and simple lifestyle, is of little consequence. appeal Ethnobotanists going to the Amazon today are in a race against time as they try to gain knowledge before the last of these scholars leaves the forest. It is a curious fact that shaman apprentices today are university professors, many of them from the United States. Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. Are synthetic drugs eluded by the research now being done by ethnobotanists? Explain your answer 32 Lesson 3
432. Why are most of the medicinal plants used by shamans likely to be perennial? 3. Why is the loss for medical science caused by the disappearance of plant species supposed? 4. What is the flora of the Amazon made of? 5. What was Richard Schultes' purpose in dealing with Amazonian shamans? 6. Why would it be inaccurate to describe the shamans' encyclopedic knowledge of the plants of their region as antediluvian? 7. How were the first pharmacists of the Western world similar to the shamans of the Amazon? 8. Hundreds of years ago, what problems did a sick person face when trying to recover? 9. Do you think that based on what is said in the passage about Schulte's career, one could appropriately call him dean? Explain your answer 10. Why could alkaloids be called a double-edged sword? 11. Why would it have been correct to call Schultes a resident of the Amazon? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 33
44Fun and Fascinating FACTS The word antediluvian is made up of the Latin ante-, before, and diluvium, flood. The flood to which this word refers is the one described in the Bible. As the story goes, Noah built an ark to save himself and several pairs of animals from this deluge. Such an event should have happened a long time ago. Therefore, anything labeled as antediluvian would have to be extremely old. There are two different explanations for the origin of the word charlatan. The first is that it comes from the Italian cialare, to babble, a reference to the fast-paced chatter of the salesman, who distracts customers while he cheats them out of their money. The second is that it came from a Cerretano, a person from Cerreto, a town in Italy said to be notorious for its smooth-talking vendors. The term flora comes from Flora, the Roman goddess of flowers. The proper term for the animal life of a region is fauna, derived from Faunus, a Roman nature god whose followers were called fauns and were said to have the body of a human and the horns, ears, tail, and feet of a goat. . amalgam antediluvian pharmacist ascetic benevolent charlatan resident old master flora imbibe nostrum prevent perennial supposed scholar 34 Lesson 3
453 beneficial adjective vocabulary expansion to do well or produce. Verb family beneficial (adjective) benefit (noun, verb) beneficence (noun) beneficiary (noun) Parts of Speech The Latin prefix bene- means good. Instead, the Latin prefix mal- means bad or bad. Discussion and invitation to write What do you think are the beneficial effects of a community service program? 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Mundane Sage 3000 Book 12 35
46Lesson 4 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. assent to prÙ bā shên ignorant bi nī têd civil Boorzh wa credo krē do n An expression of assent; praise. Employees appreciated the company's flexible work schedule. adj. That it exists in a state of moral, cultural or intellectual obscurity; unenlightened Insisting that men and women only play stereotypical and gendered roles is questionable. no. The middle class or a member of the middle class. Because his family didn't have much money, Chris grew frustrated with his middle-class spending habits. adj. 1. Highly concerned with middle-class values such as respectability and material well-being, with a tendency toward mediocrity. Was it really mandatory to wear a suit to the event, Shree wondered, or was it just another civic demand for which he had no patience? 2. Thoughtful mediocrity. Morgan considered his neighbor's taste in furniture to be middle-class. n.A strong faith; a guide to his own actions. The creed of the Three Musketeers was all for one and one for all. Talk to your partner about a personal belief you have about your friends. empirical in pir i kәl adj. Based on experience or observation as opposed to theory; can be confirmed by observation. Modern science began by insisting on empirical data as opposed to the unfounded ideas of ancient philosophers. Give your partner some empirical evidence about climate change. avoid e shoo elaborate ek spa sh. .in v. Get away of; avoided, especially for practical or moral reasons. Rebekah is not a strict vegetarian and she abstains from eating meat, although she does eat some types of fish. v. Talk or write about it in great detail; to elaborate, it is usually used with on or on. The senator explained the need to conserve our dwindling wetlands. Ask your partner to talk about their career plans. Iconoclast ī kä nә k last n. Someone who attacks established beliefs, customs or institutions. The iconoclastic Betty Friedan, in her groundbreaking 1963 work The Feminine Mystique, rejected the notion that biology is destiny. iconoclast 36 lesson 4
47need in di jәn ts n.An extreme level of poverty. Many families affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s traveled to California in search of work. needy without tools. no. A person who is destitute. With your partner, brainstorm ideas to help those in need due to a prolonged drought. laudable lô dә bәl mandate man dāt adj. recommendable. The efforts of the parents to save the publicly funded kindergarten from closure were commendable, but contradictory from the start. no. A clear order or instruction. The 2016 Brexit vote gave the UK a clear mandate to leave the European Union. v. Request or order. The Constitution establishes the right of a defendant to a fair trial. Discuss with your partner how much time you think your school should allocate for lunch. supposedly branches sә bel ungovernable ri kal se trәn t adj. Only apparently; evident. His ostensible reason for stopping by the cafe was to socialize, but in his role as a private investigator, he was actually following someone. supposedly adv. adj. Unwilling to accept the authority of another person; stubbornly defiant. Despite Denzel's efforts to get the wayward horse into the trailer, he kept backing away once they reached the ramp. Rebellious N. Ask your partner who can be more rebellious with a two-year-old or a teenager. regurgitate rē gәr jә tā t laughable ri zә bәl v. 1. To expel (partially digested food) from the stomach. Some birds feed their young by regurgitating food into their young's beaks. 2. Repeat without thinking what has been learned. Students need to develop critical thinking skills instead of just regurgitating what they hear in a lecture. adj. Cause or provoke laughter. The actor delivered King Lear's speeches with such pomp that the effect was more ludicrous than moving. Describe a ridiculous scene from a favorite movie to your partner. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 37
484A Determine the exact meaning Choose the most accurate paraphrase for each sentence. 1. The candidate's reckless views were widely reported. (a) The uninformed views of the candidate were widely disseminated. (b) The enlightened views of the candidate were widely disseminated. 2. My teacher asked me to explain my scheme. (a) My teacher asked me to draw up my outline. (b) My teacher asked me to go into less detail. 3. The union received a strike mandate. a) The union received a message denying them the right to strike. b) The union received clear instructions to strike. 4. The single mother ran a middle-class household. (a) The single mother ran a predictable middle-class household. (b) The single mother ran a noble house. 5. The ridiculous comment brought the discussion to an abrupt end. (a) The ridiculous comment brought the discussion to an abrupt end. (b) The obscure comment brought the discussion to an abrupt end. 6. Tell Mr. Singleton that he will receive our confirmation. (a) Tell Mr. Singleton that you will receive our resignation. (b) Tell Mr. Singleton that he will receive our highest praise. Approval Deranged Bourgeois Creed Empirical Avoidance Expatriate Iconoclast Commendable Necessity Mandate Apparently Recalcitrant Vomiting Ridiculous 7. His iconoclastic views made him unpopular in certain circles. (a) outdated views of him made him unpopular in certain circles. (b) his unconventional views made him unpopular in certain circles. 8. The sponsoring company requires the talk show to skip some topics. (a) The sponsoring company requires the talk show to promote specific topics. (b) The sponsoring company requires the talk show to avoid some topics. 9. He grabbed a scarf on the way out because he was supposed to snow. (a) He grabbed a scarf on his way out because he was apparently going to snow. (b) He grabbed a scarf on his way out because he was definitely going to snow. 10. Wanda's year-long literary project is commendable. (a) Wanda's year-long literary project is commendable. (b) Wanda's year-long literature project is ridiculous. 11. Davis is known for being empirical at work. (a) Davis is known to be a theoretician at work. (b) Davis is known for being practical at work. 38 Lesson 4
4912. We all know you can be rebellious at times. (a) We all know that she can be persuasive at times. (b) We all know that she can be stubbornly stubborn at times. 13. Red learning requires students to regurgitate facts they have memorized. (a) Red learning requires students to mindlessly repeat the facts they have memorized. (b) Red learning requires students to question the facts they have memorized. 14. Needy members of the community were relocated to new shelters. a) Impoverished members of the community were relocated to new housing. (b) Wealthy members of the community were relocated to new housing. 15. Every time she didn't recite the creed she helped her up again. (a) Every time she did not recite her firm belief, he helped her up again. (b) Every time she didn't recite her favorite song, she would help her up again. 4B Understanding Word Relationships Circle the letter next to each correct answer. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. What word or words are associated with praise? (a) need (b) approval (c) exaltation (d) flattery 2. What word or words are associated with faith? (a) statement (b) principle (c) creed (d) noncompliance 3. What word or words are associated with avoidance? (a) avoid (b) emigrate (c) renounce (d) despise 4. What word or words refer to poverty? (a) need (b) poor (c) allegedly (d) destitute SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 39
505. What word or words are associated with laudable? (a) ridiculous (b) continuous (c) perennial (d) commendable 6. What word or words have to do with laughter? (a) putative (b) ridiculous (c) ridiculous (d) empirical 7. What word or words refer to social class? (a) commoner (b) iconoclast (c) patrician (d) bourgeois 8. What word or words are associated with rebels? (a) Ascetic (b) Subversive (c) Needy (d) Iconoclast Approval Deranged Bourgeois Creed Empirical Avoidance Debauchery Iconoclastic Needy Commendable Apparently Recalcitrant Commission Gargling Ridiculous 9. What word or words are so closely related to apparently so? (a) benevolent (b) rebellious (c) apparently (d) supposedly 10. What word or words are associated with deplorable? (a) horrible (b) deranged (c) empirical (d) supposedly 40 Lesson 4
51Word Study 4C: Word Parts Complete each sentence. Then write a short definition of the word. The number after each sentence is the lesson the word came from. 1. The prefix ad- means towards. It is combined with the Latin umbra (shadow) to form the English word (2). Definition: 2. The prefix con- or com- means with. It combines with the Latin genitus (to be born) to the English word (2). Definition: 3. The prefix means through. Together with the Latin annus (year) it forms the English word (3). Definition: 4. The prefix bene- means good. It combines with the Latin facere (to do) to the English word (3). Definition: 5. The prefix means back. Together with the Latin calcitare (to take a step) it forms the English word (4). Definition: 6. The Greek eikon means image. It is combined with another Greek word, klastes (he who breaks) to form the English word (4). Definition: 7. The Latin credere (to believe) forms the English word (4). Definition: 8. The prefixes in- and ex- or e- mean not or out. Together with the Latin luctari (to fight) they form the English word (2). Definition: 9. Two Greek words, proto (first) and tupos (pattern), together form the English word Definition: (2). DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 41
5210. The prefix ob means against. It is combined with the Latin durus (hard) to form the English word (1). Definition: Understanding 4D Contextual Meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. Approval Deranged Bourgeois Creed Empirical Resignation Expatience Iconoclastic Necessity Commendable Mission Seemingly Unruly Ruminant Ridiculous 1. Unruly weather forced us to postpone our trip. 2. The Constitution of the United States requires that elections be held at regular intervals. 3. The Nobel Peace Prize is an expression of recognition of the laureate. 4. Princes and other nobles were killed by the king. 5. Bad news on TV made me throw up my coffee. 6. The metal rails of a train expand when it is hot. 7. In Victorian times, the needy often stayed in the workhouse. 8. Both parties made commendable efforts to win the dispute. 9. Torrential flooding forced homeowners to evacuate. 42 Lesson 4
5310. Britain's empirical domain spanned a quarter of the world. 4E Vocabulary in Context Read the passage. House of Children Nineteenth century educational theory was based on the mistaken notion that students were empty vessels into which the teacher poured knowledge and students demonstrated their progress by reproducing that information on tests; failure to do so was considered deliberate obstinacy and was punished accordingly. A novel notion that children have a natural thirst for knowledge and are capable on their own given the chance would have seemed ludicrous to most educators. This was the intellectual climate of the time when Maria Montessori attended school. Born into a typical middle-class Italian family in 1870, her father was a government finance officer in the tobacco industry; Her mother, an intelligent and eloquent woman, was responsible for running the household efficiently. The schools Maria attended were no different from those attended by children of her social class; Girls and boys were taught separately and in different subjects. The girls learned music, sewing and housework, topics suitable for women, and how to prepare to become dutiful wives and loving mothers. They were taught to avoid any thought of professional careers like medicine or law. While still in elementary school, Maria's iconoclastic nature, which would shape her life, was first revealed in her shocking desire to attend a technical school where she could study mathematics. Signor Montessori was appalled by the idea and refused to consent to his daughter following a scientific path. Fortunately, Maria's mother supported her; Although, as a dutiful wife, she did not contradict her husband when he spouted his ideas about the role of women in society, he eventually weakened her resistance. Maria attended the technical school of her choice and continued her clinical studies in medicine at the University of Rome, winning an academic award in her first year and becoming the first woman in Italy to earn a medical degree. When she graduated in 1896, her father attended the ceremony smiling proudly; he had earned his approval. I felt like a lion tamer that day, he later recalled. Psychiatry, the study of mental illness, was in its infancy when Dr. Montessori made it her specialty. For children suffering from mental disorders, SSI accepted DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 43
54Approval Deranged Bourgeois Creed Empirical Resignation Expatriate Iconoclast Necessity Praiseworthy Mandate Apparently Rebellious Belching Ridiculous to be impossible to teach and keep isolated, locked in desolate rooms, never touching or holding a single object. Appalled by this insane attitude, Montessori established a school for eight-year-olds at the facility to which she had been assigned. She taught classes based solely on empirical principles that she developed over time. She guided the children instead of teaching them and provided them with materials that stimulated her senses. Her little ones in charge of her learned responsibility by caring for plants and small animals; They learned to keep themselves and their classroom clean and orderly. They were encouraged to complete structured tasks developed for them by Montessori, but this was not required and the students set their own agenda. They were free to move about, arranging the classroom furniture for their convenience instead of the teachers. While others in the field viewed Montessori's experiments as commendable, they believed they were doomed to fail. However, when her students passed exams on a par with the children outside the institution, her classmates realized that they had underestimated her ideas and needed to reconsider their thinking about mental health education. . Montessori's success led her to question the quality of education for all children, believing that this type of educational stimulation would allow each child's personality and intelligence to develop in ways that stimulate the best in each child. She later wrote in The Montessori Method that she believed that similar methods applied to normal children would develop or release their personalities in wonderful and surprising ways. Due to her success, Montessori was invited to found a school for children from needy families in the poorest part of Rome. When she opened the school on January 6, 1907, she called it Casa dei Bambini, or Children's House; The techniques and materials used there became a model for many of these schools, first in Italy and then throughout the world. In 1922 the Italian government gave Dr. Montessori a commissioner to review curricular methods in the nation's public schools. By then her fame had spread throughout the world; In books, articles, and lectures, she atoned for the lessons she learned from those she claimed to have taught. She expressed her belief in these words from The Child in the Family: ...Children are weak people who live among the strong; they are not understood and their deep needs are not recognized by adult society. He closed his book with an ominous warning: Until adults consciously face up to their mistakes and correct them, they will find themselves in a forest of unsolvable problems. And children, who in turn become adults, will be victims of the same mistake that they will pass on from generation to generation. She answers each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. How did Maria Montessori develop her educational theories? 44 Lesson 4
552. To what extent were Montessori's views on working with children with mental disorders iconoclastic? 3. Why could it be said that Maria's mother superficially accepted her husband's views on the role of women? 4. If today's girls were asked to follow the course used in Montessori youth, how do you think they would react? 5. How do you know that Maria Montessori's father ultimately saw his educational choices as commendable? 6. How could Signor Montessori have expressed his creed? 7. Why would it be wrong to call the students of the Casa dei Bambini bourgeois? 8. How did Montessori's ideas about education differ from those that prevailed in her childhood? 9. How did the Italian government express its approval of Dr. Montessori off? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 45
56Fun and Fascinating Facts Bourgeois (pronounced boor-zhwa) is both a singular and plural noun and adjective. It comes unchanged in meaning and pronunciation from French and derives from French bourg, a city. Bourgeoisie (pronounced boor-zhwa-zee) is a collective term that refers to the middle class as a whole. Iconoclast is made up of the Greek eikon, image, and klastes, breaker or destroyer. The original iconoclasts were Christians of the 8th and 9th centuries who believed that religious images were false idols that needed to be destroyed. Many priceless works of art were lost as a result. Today's iconoclasts are less violent in their behavior. Laud comes from the Latin laudare, to praise. From this verb the adjective laudatorisch is formed as well as laudable, which means to express praise. A losing but good-natured candidate in an election could make a speech that is both praiseworthy (praising his opponent) and commendable (because the loser shows no bitterness). Deranged Approval Bourgeois Creed Empirical Resignation Expatriate Iconoclast Commendable Necessity Commission Apparently Recalcitrant Ruminant Ridiculous 46 Lesson 4
574 vocabulary expansion Adjective empirical Based on evidence or experience as opposed to theory; can be confirmed by observation. Academic Context In chemistry, you will learn about the molecular formulas of various chemical compounds. Scientific experiments require empirical evidence for a hypothesis to be true. Discussion and Writing Prompt Describe the last experiment you did in science class. Explain the hypothesis and procedures, and then describe the empirical data or evidence required to prove that the hypothesis is true. 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Worldly Sage 3000 Book 12 47
58Lessons 1 4 Review Crossword Solve the crossword by studying the clues and filling in the answer boxes. The number after a clue is the lesson from which the word comes Cross Notes 1. Talk or write about it in great detail (4) avoid (4) 8. The capital of Egypt 9. Unite to form one body (1 ) 10 . Invisible; Mystery (1) 11. A falsehood 14. Of or from Ireland 15. Absorption or absorption in the mind (3) 16. A break in continuity or time (2) 18. Simple as 20. Take it seriously (2 ) 22. The plants of a particular area (3) 24. Help and 27. A person of great knowledge (3) 28. Showing foresight (1) 30. Poor or needy (4) 31. Drawing (2) 32. A resident of a particular Places (3) 33. Opposite of after Tracks Down 1. An expression of high praise (1) 2. Expressed with emphasis and insight (1) 3. A person who practices self-sacrifice (3) 5 A strong belief (4) 6 What you do when you are hungry 7. An important member of a group (3) 8. A great Asian country 11. Praiseworthy (4) 12. Cause laughter; ridiculous (4) 13. Exonerate from guilt or responsibility (2) 17. Nothing good 19. Generally accepted or accepted (3) 21. A remedy of doubtful value (3) 23. Prevent or make unnecessary (3) 25. If one Keep going, you're getting big. 26. Excessive driving is dangerous. 29. A living mind with a distinctive style (2) 48 Review of lessons 1 4
59Lesson 5 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. archaic är kā ik adj. Relating to or belonging to an earlier time. The wearing of wigs by British lawyers seems archaic to Americans. Discuss with your partner if you think school dances have become an archaic tradition. spree kә r ouz hoaxes shi kān rē v. Participate in wild and rowdy festivities. Some visitors to New Orleans during Mardi Gras party until the wee hours of the morning. no. Clever deception through the use of deceptive or misleading words or actions. Assume some form of harassment if the offer seems too good to be true. Ask your affiliate if the TV shopping networks are legitimate or if they use intimidation to increase sales. controversial k n t in it adj. Provoke or be characterized by arguments or conflicts. Politics is a hot topic at home because my stepfather is a Democrat and my mother is a Republican. Make a quick list of hot topics in the world with your partner today. dissimulate di sem bel v. Conceal with the intent to deceive. If a witness begins to obviously pretend, the jury can draw the appropriate conclusions. Explain to your partner when you regret hiding your plans from your parents or guardian. scandalous i grē jәs exacrate ek sә k rāt adj. Surprisingly bad; flagrant. While I believe dissent is a right, I find egregious interruptions in a speaker unacceptable. v. Totally loathe; denounce as reprehensible. History can provide examples of countries once cursed as enemies and later accepted as allies. Curse N. Tell your partner which human trait you curse the most. faithfulness fē әl tē microcosm mī krә k ä zәm n.fidelity; Loyalty. The Knights of the Round Table were loyal to King Arthur. no. A small system that works or evolves like a larger system; a world in miniature College life is not a microcosm of the larger world. Talk to your partner if you think of New York City as a microcosm of the United States. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 49
60Paroxysm par әk si zәm pekuniär pi kyōo nē er ē rectitude rek t t ōod Stratagem stra tә jәm n A sudden, violent and uncontrollable action or event. Despite being subjected to frequent coughing fits, Laura steadfastly refused to stay home from work. adj. She has to do with money. The interests of the founders of the food cooperative are more idealistic than pecuniary. S. High moral character. The referee's misjudgment does not reflect her usual sincerity. no. A smart plan to achieve a goal. With the right strategy, you can achieve whatever you want. Share your strategy with your partner for getting through senior year. stultify stәl tә fī vendetta come from tә v. render useless or ineffective; Weaknesses. Some policies in managed care systems cripple a doctor's ability to provide necessary treatment to patients in a timely manner. S. A blood feud; a long and bitter feud. It took the deaths of Juliet and Romeo to put an end to the vendetta between the Montagues and the Capulet. 5A Understand the meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. 1. A controversial topic is one that evokes strong feelings and arguments. 2. A microcosm is a measure of volume. 3. An archaic custom seems out of place in the modern world. 4. A Stratagem is a withdrawal from a previously held position. 50 Lesson 5
615. To curse someone is to hate that person. 6. Bullying is the use of deceptive words or actions to deceive. 7. A vendetta is a stall in a market that sells cheap items. 8. A financial motive is one associated with financial gain. 9. Loyalty is loyalty to a person, cause or organization. 10. Pretending means not controlling your emotions. 11. Righteousness is the demonstration of a high moral stature. 12. A monstrous act is one that unites people. 13. Mine drives in circles. 14. To simplify something means to make it ineffective. 15. A seizure is an apparently contradictory statement. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 51
625B Word Usage If the word in bold (or a form of the word) fits into a sentence from the following group, write it in the blank space. If the word does not match, leave the field blank. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Scandalous (a) Robyn was not scandalous at all (b) Armed robbery was a and seemed to avoid the company of others. Crime. (c) A 2. Money (a) She gave me a briefcase. (b) She was working because pilot error almost caused the plane to crash. she looks when i asked her what did she have with me in my aunt's office until i started my own business. (c) An accountant takes care of matters. 3. Bully (a) I was all his. (b) Baby Jessica is getting very quiet about staying home, but Marsha wanted her to come with her if she missed her afternoon nap. (c) I stopped participating in the discussion as it dragged on. 4. archaic (a) her language was peppered with (b) plowing with a team of oxen looks like expressions like you and you. to one accustomed to tractors. archaic spree intimidation pugnacious disguise tremendous curse loyal devout microcosm paroxysm pecuniary righteousness ploy vendetta fool (c) The Lowells are very 5. fools (a) be careful not to (b) Such a repressive school was tied to the New England family. your toe in the rock! (c) Strict compliance with established procedures may occur within an organization. 6. Microcosm (a) Forty years ago, this city of fifty thousand inhabitants was just a church that would become. (b) The 14th century castle was a (c) To its natural exuberance. initiative of medieval society. it is too small to be seen without a magnifying glass. 52 Lesson 5
637. Stratagem (a) A looks like a rough pebble until cut and polished. (b) In the Iliad, Homer describes how the Greek soldiers hid in the wooden horse to gain access to Troy. (c) His bishop move was an 8 attack. (a) The actor threw himself to the ground in one of Bettina's first chess games. of uncontrolled grief. (b) When the clown performed for them, the children fell to the ground laughing. (c) Truth is stranger than fiction is picturesque. Word Study 5C: Synonyms and Antonyms Each word group contains two words that are either synonyms or antonyms. circulate them. Then circle S if they are synonyms or A if they are antonyms. 1. realistic mortal benevolent conjectural S A 2. perceptive antediluvian pecuniary modern S A 3. empirical pecuniary shameless scandalous S A 4. need foresight approval curse S A 5. faithful paroxysm loyalty commendation S A 6. desire to avoid conceit aging S A 7. deception sincerity tolerance necessity S A 8 stubborn ridicule solemn perennial S A 9. microcosm ploy mandate maneuver S A 10. stubborn industrious industrious madman S A SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 53
645D Pictures of Words Circle the letter next to the sentence that suggests the word in bold. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Disassemble (a) All you need to disassemble the machine is a screwdriver and a wrench. (b) The people left the congregation and went their separate ways. (c) When I asked Monique about the sales figures, I doubted her answer was true. 2. Vendetta (a) No McCone would lift a finger to help a Madden, and vice versa. (b) Garcia swore revenge on the man who cheated on his aunt. (c) The Seminoles were forced from Florida onto reservations west of the Mississippi. 3. Righteousness (a) Felicia has never been sick a day in her life. (b) The honesty of the Rodríguez family has never been questioned. (c) The damage to the boat was minor and easy to repair. 4. Loyalty (a) The barons took a solemn oath to obey the king. (b) The leader's acolytes did without question what he told them to do. (c) When Hannah commanded her dog to shake her hand, he lifted her right front paw. archaic revelry harassment debatable disguise scandalous curse faithful microcosm paroxysm pecuniary justice dumb ploy vendetta 5. archaic (a) Many laws that remain on the books are not applied and are almost forgotten. (b) The house is one hundred years old but has been completely modernized internally. (c) It seems strange that a sword is still part of an officer's dress uniform. 6. Paroxysm (a) The hurricane had reached speeds of 120 mph by late afternoon. (b) The adolescent collapsed and was taken by ambulance. (c) It seems strange to talk about a deafening silence. 7. Day (a) The deafening screams of the cats under my window kept me awake. (b) The brightly painted horses went round and round and up and down. (c) The opening scene of the opera takes place in the courtyard of a tavern, which is full of revelers. 8. Curse (a) Marian Wright Edelman's anger at injustice prompted her to establish the Children's Defense Fund in (b). Due to the shame she brought to her family, Li's name was never spoken. (c) We have a hard time getting Ashleen to eat her vegetables. 54 Lesson 5
Sixty-five9. Microcosm (a) The astronauts will live on the space station for several months. (b) Jefferson's Monticello was a self-sufficient little world of its own. (c) A nuclear submarine can remain submerged for weeks. 10. Harassment (a) The practice of keeping monkeys as pets is repugnant to the veterinarian. (b) Before they started, I paid the men half their fee to repair my roof and never saw them again. (c) I got suspicious when the caller promised to double my money in a month. 5E Vocabulary in Context Read the passage. The Palio A beautiful little Tuscan town in the north-central region of Italy and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the inhabitants of Siena continue to live and work along the stone streets and among the Gothic buildings that have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages. In addition to preserving its ancient architecture, the locals have also preserved some archaic customs. One of these sacred traditions is a ninety-two horse race, the Palio, which has made the city famous worldwide. Since the 17th century, the race has been held on July 2 and August 16 in the city's main square, Piazza del Campo. Ten bareback riders chase their horses three times around the square at breakneck speed. The winner is the district whose horse, with or without a rider, crosses the finish line first. Siena comprises seventeen contradas or districts, each with its own flag, animal, emblem, church, museum, and social center. The centuries-old rivalry between these districts is reflected in the preparation and realization of the Palio. The organization of the race, which grew out of years of tradition, is complex, involving many elements of chance and more than a smattering of skullcaps. Due to the narrowness of the route, only ten districts can compete: the seven districts that were excluded the previous year plus another three districts determined by lottery. The horses for the race are selected by local owners. After the test races are complete, each of the participating districts will be assigned a horse, which will also be determined by lottery. The drivers, who are professionals from outside of Siena, are not committed to any particular district. Motivated solely by financial considerations, they are rented out to the highest bidder. Each contrada traditionally has a special enemy that they curse before anyone else. Aside from owning the coveted Victory Banner, there's nothing each district wants more than to see their storied rival defeated. SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 55 Liability DO NOT DUPLICATE
66archaic revelry bullying bullying hypocrisy egregious curse loyalty microcosm paroxysm pecuniary rectitude ploy mute vendetta ensuring that one of these results falls to the county captains. While the integrity of these neighborhood leaders is beyond reproach, in the days leading up to the race they are allowed to put their qualms aside and shamelessly engage in any form of harassment to ensure their contrada wins. They spread false rumors about the condition of their horses or those of their competitors, offer bribes to other jockeys, and temporarily forgo centuries-old vendettas to make secret deals with other districts so as not to interfere with each other's races. For jockeys, there is only one rule that is unconditionally accepted: the reins must not be touched. Anything else is not only acceptable, but actively encouraged. During the race, the riders intentionally crash into each other and block each other's mounts; They also hit other riders with their whips and try to throw them off balance by pulling on their clothes. These outrageous acts, which would result in disqualification in any other race, not only go unpunished at the Palio, they are instigated and rewarded. Around five in the afternoon of the race, members of each contrada march through the streets of the city to the plaza. Spectators crowd onto the balconies of the buildings that surround the field or crowd into the center of the square, which is surrounded by bars. The mattresses that cover the walls of dangerous turns offer a minimum level of protection for both the horse and the rider. Just before the race starts, nine of the horses with jockeys are at the starting point. The tenth horse begins the race charging the group from behind. The anticipation that has been building for days reaches a rush of excitement as the horses and riders take their three wild turns. The conclusion of the race brings great rejoicing for the victorious Contrada and several days of revelry for most of Siena's jubilant residents. The Palio may seem chaotic, strange and violent to an outsider, but to Sienese it makes a lot of sense. In the Middle Ages, Siena was a city-state surrounded by hostile neighbors whose interests ran counter to its own. To keep the peace or achieve victory when war became inevitable, civilian leaders resorted to carefully calculated strategies to negotiate covertly with potential allies. They disguised themselves to catch their opponents off guard, offering bribes and other inducements when necessary. The Palio represented the realities of this larger world in microcosm and provided a perfect opportunity to practice these unpleasant but essential skills. One result of the Palio was the lingering feeling of neighborhood unity created by the contrade through preparations for the race and at other times of the year through social activities and services for its residents. The Palio is also credited with reducing crime by providing a socially acceptable outlet for expressing angry emotions and violence. In recent years, the existence of the Palio has been under various threats. Animal rights activists have raised the controversial issue of cruelty to horses. Other observers have expressed concern that urban sprawl will extend beyond Siena's city walls.
67it could cripple civic participation in the city's seventeen historic districts. And yet it seems likely that the Palio will continue. As a former mayor said, the Palio helps Siena to survive in its own imagination. It is a metaphor for the continuity of people's lives. Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. Why is the Palio so competitive? 2. Why would it be wrong to say that the main motivation of a contrada to win the Palio is financial? 3. How contradictory is the behavior of the contrada captains? 4. Why is the Palio called an archaic custom? 5. How is the Palio a microcosm of an earlier period in Siena's history? 6. What details in the passage tell you that the contrade do not vend each other throughout the year? 7. How would the traditional rival of the victorious contrada feel after the race? 8. What do you think is the most egregious action a jockey could take during a race? 9. Which Sienese are unlikely to celebrate when the Palio ends? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 57
68Fun and fascination FACTS At closing time in German beer halls, that's all! it was intended to indicate that it was time for everyone to leave. In fact, it became a cue for a last-minute binge. The expression came to English as carouse in the 16th century, and its meaning has remained unchanged to this day. The Latin greg, meaning flock or herd, forms the root of several English words. Social people like to be with others, like sheep that stay close to the rest of the flock. To gather means to gather, again like cattle being herded. Outrageous originally meant to outdo the rest of the pack and was a term of recognition. Later, perhaps due to its ironic use, monstrous acquired its current pejorative meaning. To curse someone is to express extreme disgust towards that person. Its original meaning was even stronger; it meant to curse that person. This is evident from the etymology of the term. It comes from the Latin ex-, far from and sacer, sacred. When you cursed someone, you took away what was sacred, leaving that person defenseless against the forces of evil. archaic revelry bullying belligerent disguise monstrous curse faithful devout microcosm paroxysm pecuniary sincerity stratagem stupid vendetta 58 lesson 5
695 Vocabulary Expansion Stratagem Noun A clever plan or trick. Derek had a strategy for winning the chess game, but his opponent had some tricks of her own. Word Family strategist (adjective) strategist (adverb) strategist (noun) strategy (noun) Discussion and Writing Prompt Fairy tales often have a character who is a trickster, like the wolf in Little Red Riding Hood. Describe the cheater from another story and explain the cheater's strategy to achieve a goal. 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Worldly Sage 3000 Book 12 59
70Lesson 6 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. operate ak chә wāt v. 1. Make it move mechanically. A thermostat is triggered by changes in temperature. 2. To take action. Television shows about the grievances of Native American women persuaded Wilma Mankiller, a Cherokee, to return to Oklahoma, where she became the tribe's first chief. Talk to your partner about ways to get people involved in politics. brackish kish cognition käg nә tiv adj. 1. It consists of a mixture of fresh and sea water. The crabs thrive in the brackish waters of the estuary. 2. Have an unpleasant taste. The coffee had been brewed hours before and was now so salty it was undrinkable. adj. In relation to mental processes such as consciousness, memory and reasoning. A person's cognitive abilities can be assessed through psychological testing. Talk to your partner about how your cognitive abilities have changed since elementary school. Dissertation di sәr tā shәn painful dō lә rәs endemic to de mik n An extensive, usually written, discussion of a topic, often for a college degree. After completing her dissertation on the functions of phosphoarginine in invertebrates, Arya received her M.S. Degree. adj. Caused or characterized by pain, misery or anguish. Mexican artist Frida Kahlo used graphic images to express her pain in her sad self-portraits. adj. Extended or peculiar to a particular place or people. Malaria is endemic to the tropics. Talk to your partner about whether happiness seems endemic to dogs or humans. fruitful faith kәnd adj. 1. Produce or be able to produce many offspring. Johann Sebastian Bach and his wife Anna were a prolific couple, raising twenty children. 2. Intellectually or artistically productive; creative. Bach was a prolific composer and among his many works are some three hundred sacred cantatas. With your partner, make a list of some recent musicians who are particularly prolific. Genealogy jē nē ä lә jē n The history of a family and how its members are related to one another; also the study of said family histories. Marla can trace her family genealogy back to the Mayflower Pilgrims. 60 Lesson 6
71drunk i nē brē ā tәd insidious in si dē әs adj. Lack of common sense and judgment, particularly as a result of alcohol consumption. SADD (Students Against Drunk Driving) exposes the horrors of drunk driving. adj. 1. Seemingly harmless but dangerous; treacherous or deceitful. The scammer's apparent sincerity was an insidious attempt to gain our trust. 2. Harmful propagation in a subtle or gradual way. Too much television can have an insidious effect on the minds of young children. Talk to your partner about whether the proliferation of social media is causing a progressive loss of privacy. Intruder in t r lō p r precursor pri k r ser n Someone who interferes or interferes in the affairs of others. The tribe viewed the tourists as trespassers and resented their stares. n. Person or thing that goes ahead and indicates the approach of another; a harbinger Sore muscles can be the harbinger of a bout of flu. Name three omens of winter for your partner. Premonition pri zen tәn ramifi ation ramә fә kā shәn n. A feeling that something is about to happen. When the phone rang, I had the feeling that Uncle Antonio's condition had deteriorated. n.Result of a simple idea or plan; any resulting developments or consequences. The abolition of the chair has an impact on all students of social science courses. With your partner, discuss the implications of the decision to go to college. Torpor tor by n. A state of mental or physical inertia or inactivity. Extreme heat often causes lethargy in those unaccustomed to the tropics. slow 6A Defining the exact meaning Choose the most accurate paraphrase for each sentence. 1. Did something happen that caused your premonition? (a) Has anything happened that made you feel like a victim? (b) Has anything happened that made you feel something was going to happen? SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 61 DO NOT DUPLICATE
722. Khushi's family was aware of her fertile spirit. (a) Khushi's family was aware of his forgetful spirit. (b) Khushi's family was aware of his artistically prolific spirit. 3. The doctors are trying to find out what is causing his lethargy. (a) The doctors are trying to find out what is causing his inertia. (b) The doctors are trying to find out what is causing his insomnia. 4. We carefully consider the impact before approving the plan. (a) We carefully consider costs before approving the plan. (b) We carefully consider the consequences before approving the plan. 5. The machine can be operated by a beam of light. (a) The machine can be set in motion by a beam of light. (b) The machine can be turned off by a beam of light. 6. We examine our genealogy. (a) We have examined our family history. (b) We review our medical records. 7. The X-11 jet was a precursor to the Cyclone. (a) The X-11 jet was a competitor to the Cyclone. (b) The X-11 jet was a precursor to the Cyclone. 8. It was never my intention to be an intruder in your home. (a) It was never my intention to be a loud and unpleasant guest in your house. (b) It was never my intention to interfere in your household affairs. activate brackish cognitive treated sad endemic fertile genealogy intoxicated insidious invader progenitor foreboding branching torpor 9. Kudzu is a plant endemic to the southern states. (a) Kudzu is a ubiquitous plant in the southern states. (b) Kudzu is a plant that invades the southern states. 10. The water in the well is brackish. (a) The water from the well is tasty. (b) The water from the well is not drinkable. 11. The sad voice of the new singer caught our attention on the radio. (a) The sad voice of the new singer caught our attention on the radio. (b) The loud voice of the new singer caught our attention on the radio. 12. Drunk people should not drive. (a) People deprived of sleep should not drive. (b) Persons disabled by alcohol consumption must not drive. 13. The assessment is intended to assess cognitive abilities. (a) The assessment is intended to test mental performance. (b) The assessment is intended to assess physical ability. 62 Lesson 6
7314. The insidious effects of the drug have been exposed. (a) The beneficial effects of the drug have been reported. (b) The harmful but hidden effects of the drug were revealed. 15. My older sister is busy writing her dissertation. (a) My older sister is busy writing her poem. (b) My older sister is busy writing her essay. 6B Understanding Word Relationships Circle the letter next to each correct answer. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. What word or words are associated with the beginning? (a) initiate (b) initiate (c) intoxicate (d) trigger 2. What word or words have to do with writing? (a) precursor (b) dissertation (c) dissertation (d) omen 3. What word or words have to do with sadness? (a) archaic (b) sad (c) melancholic (d) sad 4. What word or words have to do with alcohol? (a) intoxicated (b) endemic (c) prolific (d) scandalous 5. What word or words are associated with harmful? (a) harmful (b) indolent (c) insidious (d) harmful SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 63
746. What word or words refer to inactive? (a) slow (b) slow (c) slow (d) brackish 7. What word or words are associated with the following? (a) Paroxysm (b) Consequence (c) Reaction (d) Ramification 8. What word or words are associated with the next occurrence? (a) premonition (b) omen (c) intruder (d) premonition 9. What word or words are associated with the parent? (a) antediluvian (b) invader (c) progenitor (d) progenitor act brackish cognitive dissertation sad endemic fertile genealogy intoxicated insidious intruder progenitor foreshadowing branching lethargy 10. What word or words are associated with disease? (a) endemic (b) panacea (c) panacea (d) brackish water 64 Lesson 6
756C Word Study: Analogies Complete the analogies by choosing the pair of words whose relationship is most similar to the relationship of the capitalized pair. Circle the letter next to the pair you choose. 1. pharmacist: medicine :: (a) children: parents (b) speeches: demagogue 2. ascetic: gluttony :: (a) needy: poverty (b) scholar: drunk with wisdom (b) rebel: iconoclast 4. DISPUTES: VENDETTA :: (a) acolyte: follower (b) genealogy: family :: (a) contentious: harmony (b) pecuniary: money 7. INDIGENT: WEALTH :: (a) dean: respect (b) scholar: knowledge 8. BOURGEOIS : CLASS :: (a) gap : hiatus (b) tropics : climate 9. ICONOCLASST : reverence :: (a) charlatan : integrity (b) soldier : panache 10. DOYEN : DOYENNE :: (a) father : son ( b ) mouse : mice (c) doctor : patients (d) baker : loaves of bread (c) protagonist : motivation (d) charlatan : rectitude (c) scholar : ignorant (d) pharmacist : archaic (c) progenitor : premonition ( d) skirmish : fight (c) patient : stubbornness (d) ascetic : lethargy (c) stubborn : firmness (d) funny : hilarity (c) invalid : health (d) doctor : doctor (c) protagonist : hero (d) Premonition : Future (c) Creed : Faith (d) Amalgamation : Mixture (c) Male : Fr au (d) Cow : Calf SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 65
766D Understanding Contextual Meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. drunk insidious intruder forerunner omen branching inertia 1. The intruder carried messages across the country on horseback. 2. Rosa Parks was active in the civil rights movement. 3. The crowd turned salty as the night wore on. 4. The owners seemed endemic to my proposition to boost the business. 5. The insidious effects of smoking were well known in the 1920s. 6. It is possible to test the cognitive abilities of insects. 7. The slow waters of the Arctic are rich fishing grounds. 8. Fertile cod lay eggs by the thousands. 9. My heart sank when I saw her sad expression. 10. Latif can trace his genealogy back ten generations. 66 Lesson 6
776E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. The Patient's Dilemma When Nancy Wexler received an unexpected call from her father in 1968, asking her to fly to Los Angeles to meet him, she had a feeling something was wrong. Her fears were justified. She hadn't wanted to tell him over the phone that her mother had Huntington's disease, a disease first diagnosed by Dr. George Huntington in his book The Sad News was a triple whammy. Her mother would face a devastating mental and physical decline before death would mercifully end her suffering. Since each child of a person affected by the disease has a 50-50 chance of inheriting the HD gene, Nancy Wexler and her older sister could meet a similar fate. Eventually, if one of them turns out to have the gene that causes Huntington's disease, any children who might have them would also be at risk. Huntington's disease (HD), which affects approximately thirty thousand people in the United States, is one of the cruelest and most insidious diseases known to medical science because it affects a person's physical, mental, and emotional traits. In general, the defective gene is not activated until the person who carries it reaches middle age; then the first symptoms appear. A stumble, awkward movement, or memory lapse can be harbingers of the onset of HD for a person at risk, or just minor events that everyone experiences. Someone in an advanced stage of the disease will typically have their head and limbs twisted, according to one observer, as if being manipulated by a drunken puppeteer. Memory and other cognitive abilities are also affected, leading to personality changes and severe mental illness. The disease then progresses inexorably until death occurs between ten and twenty-five years after the onset of the disease. In 1968 there was no way to know ahead of time if you would develop HD because there was no test for the disease. There was no cure either. In Wexler's dissertation on qualifying as a clinical psychologist, she examined the impact of being one of the 150,000 people in the United States at risk for HD. She knew that many would-be victims would be overwhelmed with a sense of worthlessness contemplating significant future plans and would often freeze up as a result. But Wexler's response was to fight the disease. Along with her father, she launched an intense lobbying and fundraising campaign. Her goal was to raise money for research to identify the HD gene, the first step toward a possible cure. In 1979, a year after her mother's death, Wexler made the first of many trips to Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. She had read an investigation related to a small and isolated community on the shores of this brackish lake; HD was endemic there. At first, the residents viewed Wexler as an intruder and were alarmed by her presence, especially when she tried to draw their blood. However, over time, she gained her trust. Her careful research showed that SSI members Wordly Wise 3000 DO NOT DUPLICATE Book 12 67
78The community had a common female ancestor who had lived near Wexler, fortunate that previous generations had been prolific. This allowed him to trace thirteen thousand descendants over ten generations. By analyzing blood samples taken from all living members of the community, three hundred of whom had HD, Wexler, along with many other researchers who had joined the project, compiled the genealogy of the community. This provided much of the evidence scientists needed to locate the gene and develop a test to identify people who carried it. In 1983, researchers created a highly accurate test for a genetic marker for Huntington's disease; Ten years later, the faulty gene itself was located. The scientists discovered that the DNA molecules that make up the gene repeat themselves in an abnormal way. This stutter triggers the production of a protein that selectively destroys two small areas of the brain that control muscle movement. It is this toxic protein that causes Huntington's disease. From her research, Wexler concluded that thirty percent of people at risk would refuse to be tested for the disease. Yet a decade after the test became available, statistics showed the actual number was over 85 percent. Apparently, for many people at risk of HD, uncertainty is preferable to learning the frightening fact that they have the disease. Because of this, genetic counseling has become a requirement for anyone to get tested. Professional advisors provide information and support both before and after the test. Wexler herself refuses to say if she has been tested. She answers each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. She uses each word only once. 68 Lesson 6 1. Why should a person with Huntington's disease in her family worry if she stumbles or forgets something? 2. What role did Nancy Wexler play in stimulating the research that enabled scientists to locate the gene for Huntington's disease? 3. Why is the discovery of the Huntington's disease gene so important? 4. Why is Wexler considered an expert on the social consequences of HD? 5. What suggests that Lake Maracaibo could be connected to the sea?
796. Why is genealogy so important in the diagnosis of HD? 7. Why would it be wrong to say that the people of Lake Maracaibo greeted Wexler enthusiastically when they arrived? 8. Why do you think genetic counseling is needed for all people who are tested to determine if they carry the HD gene? 9. Give two reasons why Huntington's disease is endemic in the Lake Maracaibo region. 10. What impact could the development of the test that identifies the HD gene have on people at risk of contracting the disease? Fun & Fascination FACTS Activate and activate refer to activity and both derive from the Latin word actus, to act, but have very different meanings. "Act" means "to put into action", "Activate" means "to make active". A person may be driven by the desire for freshly baked bread in order to actually bake something; yeast added to flour and water activates the dough and makes it rise. What is endemic is specific to an area. What is an epidemic is spreading rapidly through infection in an area where it is not normally widespread. What is a pandemic is so widespread that it is almost universal. All three words derive from the Greek root demos, people. Intruder is a curious hybrid of a word that combines the Latin prefix inter-, between, with an old Dutch word, lopen. It was coined in the 16th century when English companies obtained exclusive rights to trade with countries in the Far East. Foreign merchants who encroached on this right were called invaders. The word soon lost this specialized meaning and over the course of the next hundred years it acquired its more general meaning of today. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 69
806 vocabulary expansion cognitive word post adjective def Refers to mental processes such as awareness, memory, and sentence formation. XX Academic Context xx Beginning in kindergarten and throughout their education, students 2. develop their intellectual abilities and strengthen their cognitive abilities. xx parts of the word The Latin root cogn means to learn or to know. An example of another word with this root is recognize. What are some other words with the root cogn? Guidelines for Debating and Writing Understanding, remembering, being aware, and reasoning are just a few examples of cognitive debating skills. What speed typing cognitive skill do you think is the most important? To explain. Text 2 min. 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. 3 minutes. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. 70 Lesson 6
81Lesson 7 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. abjure ab joor amorphous ә môr fәs v. Resign or formally surrender. Galileo was forced by the Catholic Church to renounce his belief that the earth orbited the sun. adj. Without form, limit or specific character. The amoeba's lack of a solid structure gives it an amorphous shape. Tell your partner if you prefer the amorphous nature of abstract art or the classic style of painted portraits. animus a ne mes sn 1. An attitude or spirit in a person that exerts a great influence on him. An attentive reader will perceive the spirit that motivated Charlotte Brontë to write Villette. 2. Deep-seated grudges. Hostility between Serbs and Bosniaks erupted into a war of annihilation in the 1990s. Discuss ways with your partner to heal the animus between people of different faiths. Dichotomy dī kä tә mē exemplar ig zem plär n.Division into two distinct parts or groups. She argues that moral relativism blurs the dichotomy between good and evil. S. An example or model, especially an ideal one. Mahatma Gandhi was the model of nonviolent resistance to injustice. Exemplary Ask your partner if there is a role model that he or she admires. herculean hur kyә lē әn initiated in kō әt adj. Of exceptional size, power or difficulty. Cleaning up the city streets after the 2015 blizzard was a Herculean task. adj. Not fully formed or realized. Novelists often claim that their immature ideas take shape as they write their novels. Talk to your partner about how often the dreams or nightmares come up. annoying en vi dē әs adj. It is likely to cause resentment or hostility. The report made stark comparisons between the company's claims and its performance. mélange mā länzh shameful ni far ē әs n. A mixture of different materials. The flea market was a mix of clothing, furniture, and household items. adj. Very angry. The shameful practice of forced child labor is widespread in many poor countries. With your partner, make a list of the most nefarious people in history. SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 71 DO NOT DUPLICATE
82Nihilism nī ә li z em ratify ra tә fī subsume se әb s ōom n A vision that denies life any meaning or value. His cynicism was so extreme that it bordered on nihilism. nihilist v. Approve, confirm or verify. In a citywide referendum, voters ratified a ban on smoking in restaurants. v. To include in a larger or broader group; to close. The three departments were combined under a single leader. With your partner, share something old, like an idea or invention that has been absorbed by something new. colorful see ē ә gā tәd adj. It varies in shape, type or color. The variegated leaves had green and white stripes. Let your partner know if you prefer bright colored clothes or if you prefer to wear all one color. vitiate vi shē āt v. Deteriorate or weaken. The questionable sincerity in his apology misrepresented his request for a second chance. 7A Understanding meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. 1. A shameful scheme is one that is despicable. 2. To spoil something means to give it new life or attraction. 3. A model student is someone who sets a good example for others. 4. Nihilism is a doctrine that considers all life meaningless and meaningless. 72 Lesson 7
835. An amorphous object has a large size. 6. Animus is a strong dislike or hatred. 7. A dichotomy is a division into two distinct parts. 8. A colorful surface is one that is very steep. 9. Initial hostility is hostility without a clear focus. 10. Subsuming a department means incorporating it into a larger one. 11. A hateful report is one that arouses resentment. 12. A melange is a brawl. 13. To ratify something is to formally reject it. 14. Giving up on a decision means agreeing with it. 15. A Herculean fight is a fight that requires tremendous effort. SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 73 DO NOT DUPLICATE
847B Using Words If the word in bold (or a form of the word) fits into a sentence from the following group, write it in the blank space. If the word does not match, leave the field blank. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. amorphous (a) From these (b) magnificent (c) try to develop these pieces of clay, the potter makes objects of beauty. Puffs of black smoke rose from the burning building. ideas into an organized passage. 2. Example (a) King Arthur is celebrated as (b) Chartres Cathedral in France is an excellent chivalrous virtue. of gothic architecture. (c) his teamwork earned him praise from his teammates. 3. Spoil (a) Audience of nonsensical reality TV shows. (b) A series of flagrant errors (c) The medicine may be in the good taste of the prosecutor. by dilution with water. 4. Shameful (a) Manhattan firefighters responded heroically to the destruction of the World Trade Center. (b) The river meandered slowly towards the sea. abjure amorphous animus dichotomy exemplary Herculean incipient insidious hodgepodge shameful nihilism ratify subsume colorful booty (c) The gangster Al Capone was convicted of tax evasion. 5. Resign (a) During the peace talks, negotiators struggled to persuade the Arab and Israeli leaders to use force to resolve their differences. (b) The company would have more credibility if it made absurd claims about the latest of its products. (c) The magician was able to lift all kinds of objects out of thin air. 6. Mélange (a) It broke out when the two rivals met in the park. (b) The seller offered a selection of used paperbacks and kitchen utensils. (c) The concert was a curiosity of Dixieland jazz and chamber music. 74 Lesson 7
857. subsumed (a) The old laws of physics were not discarded but incorporated into the new ones. (b) Wales and Scotland were part of the United Kingdom. (c) If you think I want your plan, you're absolutely right. 8. inchoate (a) The solar system slowly formed (b) mysteriously, the butterfly. interstellar matter. The doll becomes splendorous (c) The aim of advertising is to shape and shape the desires of consumers. 7C Word Study: Similar Meanings Choose between the two words provided and use each word only once when filling in the blanks. A field must remain empty. Credo/Belief 1. I believe the Red Sox will win the World Series this year. 2. Your views are no, even if they are deliberately expressed. 3. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. inherited nonviolence from Mahatma Gandhi. apparently / apparently 4. Although he seemed to take her seriously, it was only his. 5. It soon became apparent that the Gomez family would not be joining us. 6. The reason the party was canceled was only part of the story. archaic / antediluvian 7. Denying club membership to women seemed to younger members. 8. He was convicted under a law that should have been repealed long ago. 9. Grandpa was ninety-seven years old but he didn't look at all. SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 75 DO NOT DUPLICATE
86brackish / salty 10. Where the river meets the sea is the water. 11. The soup was too much for my taste. 12. Martí looked at me when I asked him to stay. Mélange/Mixtur 13. Koko's number consisted of juggling, tap dancing, and swallowing swords. 14. Katja's room was such that you would think a tornado had passed through it. 15. Green is a mix of yellow and blue. 7D Word Pictures Circle the letter next to the sentence that suggests the word in bold. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. animus (a) The painting is the work of an artist whose name is unknown. (b) I don't know why he hates me; I've always been nice to her. (c) The children were shy at first, but then became quite lively. abjure amorphous animus dichotomy exemplary herculean incipient insidious hodgepodge ominous nihilism ratify subsume colorful mar 2. herculean (a) Organizations like OXFAM America work to help hungry people around the world. (b) The weightlifter continued to lift the car with his bare hands. (c) The reconstruction of the cities affected by the earthquake will take many months. 3. Colorful (a) Looking down from the plane, we can see a mosaic of fields below. (b) We tried different approaches before devising a plan. (c) The cat's fur was a strange mixture of black, brown, white, and gray. 4. amorphous (a) Viewers interpreted the vague shapes of the painting differently. (b) The diagram consisted of a triangle in a circle in a square. (c) The neon lights created strange rippling images in the large puddles. 5. Dichotomy (a) He loved to wear his black satin shirt with his old blue jeans. (b) In literature, the good Dr. Jekyll and the evil Mr. Hyde in the same person. (c) The equator divides the world into its northern and southern hemispheres. 76 Lesson 7
876. Ratify (a) Treaties with foreign powers must be approved by the Senate. (b) The new student was reluctant to report the scammer. (c) Despite the hard work of its supporters and significant achievements, the Equal Rights Amendment has not yet been incorporated into the United States Constitution. 7. Mélange (a) Leftover vegetables, chicken, and rice from yesterday were placed in a pot of stock, boiled, and then served for today's lunch. (b) his deep sadness touched everyone he came in contact with. (c) The lemon cake was topped with a heavily spiked whipped cream-sugar mixture. 8. inchoate (a) I'm working on an idea; I just can't put it correctly yet. (b) Speech somehow arose from incoherent grunts and yells. (c) Calculation begins with simple addition and subtraction. 9. Nihilism (a) When asked what he believed in, Gospodin replied: Nothing. (b) If you start with 17 and take away 9 + 8, you are left with 0. (c) Stalin ruled by scaring the Russian people. 10. envious (a) The bandits closed the border to Laos for a while yesterday. (b) Erin found no words to express the joy she felt when she passed the test. (c) Pejorative terms reflect the ignorance of the speaker. 7E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. Preservation, Struggle, and Invention The metaphor of the United States of America as a melting pot in which diverse cultural differences melt into a homogeneous national identity has been replaced by a colorful mosaic that encompasses numerous ethnic groups loyal to America, still strong and linked to a story that connects them to their countries of origin. Hispanic Americans are the fastest growing group in the United States, and most of them are Chicanos, people who have roots in Mexico. These people, who lived primarily in the Southwest and held a unique place among America's ethnic groups, did not actually immigrate to the United States. As Chicano playwright Luis Valdez points out, we didn't make it to the United States at all. America came to us. SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 77 DO NOT DUPLICATE
88abjure amorphous animus dichotomy exemplary herculean incipient insidious mix vile nihilism ratify subsume colorful mar Valdez is referring to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ratified by Congress in 1848, which ended the US-Mexican War. Under its terms, the provinces lost to Mexico after the conflict became the southwestern United States, and the inhabitants of those provinces became citizens of the United States. But were they Americans or Mexicans? After many decades of assimilation into the culture of the United States, Chicanos saw their Mexican heritage damaged by the dominant Anglo (European not Hispanic) culture, and this dichotomy remains unresolved to this day. A contentious point of discussion is the use of language. Most Chicano writers are bilingual, but do they feel ready to continue expressing themselves in Spanish or commit to writing in English? Many choose a mixture of the two, as in the following lines by Sandra Cisneros, who expresses her aversion to English in a tender love poem: Make love to me in Spanish. / Not with that other language. / I love you together. / Tender as the language sung to babies. Cisneros belongs to an amorphous group of Chicano writers whose work reflects a deep concern for economic, social, and political justice. Her role model is the poet and author Tomás Rivera (). Born to immigrant workers, he found a career teaching high school English and later rose to become chancellor of the University of California. Rivera recalls the vicious treatment of Chicanos by Anglo teachers when he writes: We were whipped... for speaking Spanish at school. In one article he challenges his fellow writers and intellectuals with the herculean task Conservation, struggle and invention to preserve the best of the past; fight for better economic, social, educational and political conditions; and invent a Chicano culture. For the most politically active writers, the fight to improve the conditions of migrant workers in the United States, many of them Chicanos like them, is a serious concern. Award-winning poet and teacher Gary Soto worked with migrants in the fields, reflecting on this experience in many of his poems: After a day in the grape field at Rolinda's house / A fine mud washed with sweat / Settled on the lines / On my wrists and palms. / I'm already turning into the valley. / A land that does not sprout / For each one of us. Another area of concern is the plight of poorly educated urban Chicanos with bleak job prospects, many of whom find themselves embroiled in infamous street gangs with predictable and sad consequences. His nihilistic perspective on life is heartbreakingly captured in Luis J. Rodríguez's award-winning memoir Always Running: La Vida Loca, Gang Days In L.A., in which the author captures the widespread despair at the defiant response of a young Chicano to the police: Go ahead. and kill us We are already dead." Rodríguez, a poet and former gang member from the East Los Angeles neighborhoods, understands the raw anger of gang members and tries to channel it into less violent forms of expression. He founded Tía Chucha Press, which offers young Chicano writers the opportunity to see their work in print. He writes, I 78 Lesson 7
89Make sure you bring the tools of my trade. / Words and ideas. The kind that no one can take away. / So there may not be work today, / but if there is, I'll be ready. / I have my tools. Writers strive for success, but the Chicano writers who succeed often face a difficult dilemma. Benjamín Alire Sáenz, an English teacher and former priest, understands this problem well. His immensely moving novel Take Me Like Water, which explores differences of race, gender and class, was sought after by fourteen New York publishers. It became a bestseller and was later translated into several languages; The film rights were also sold. After that, he inevitably felt commercial pressure to broaden his appeal or, as he put it, to write for a wider audience. But writers who renounce their cultural heritage and identify as American authors, poets, or playwrights rather than Chicano risk losing the identity that originally fueled their passion. But those who stay close to their Hispanic roots and write in Spanish or deal exclusively with Chicano issues and concerns may not achieve the national or even international recognition that writers crave. Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. In what language do many bilingual Chicano poets express themselves? 2. How do you know that poets and writers like Sandra Cisneros, Gary Soto and Luis J. Rodríguez have not renounced their heritage? 3. Why might a mosaic be a better metaphor for America than a melting pot? 4. What is the dichotomy experienced by many Chicanos in American society? 5. Why would it be wrong to call the ideas of Tomás Rivera nihilists? 6. How have many young, poor, urban Chicanos expressed their hostility toward society? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 79
907. How was Rivera a role model for Chicano writers? 8. After decades of assimilation into American culture, what happened to Chicano culture? 9. Why might Chicanos view the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo as harmful? 10. What was Rodríguez's purpose in founding Tía Chucha Press? 11. How did the Southwest become part of the United States? Amusing and fascinating facts abjure amorphous animus exemplary dichotomy herculean inchoate hateful mélange nefarious nihilism ratify subsume bunt vitiate The adjective herculean is sometimes capitalized, an indication that it is derived from someone. In this case, the character is Hercules, the hero from ancient Greek mythology who was asked to perform twelve mighty labors to atone for the murder of his wife and children. In fairness to Hercules, he committed this crime after Hera, the queen of the gods, drove him mad. Any task that requires superhuman strength or power can be described as Herculean or Herculean. Nihilism comes from the Latin nihil, which means nothing, and the word has a number of uses, all based on the idea of nothingness. As a philosophical concept, it states that nothing is real and that the material world we believe we inhabit is an illusion. In 19th century Russia, nihilism was a political rallying cry; Nihilists believed that all government should be abolished and replaced by municipal autonomy. Today it has a psychological meaning; it suggests an attitude devoid of morality, kindness, decency, and other similar virtues. 80 Lesson 7
917 Vocabulary Expansion amorphous adjective No definite shape, form, or character. The jellyfish has an amorphous, wavy structure that floats underwater like a cloud. Word Parts The prefix a- means without, and the Greek root morph means form. So, amorphous literally means without form. Can you think of other words with the prefix a- or the root morph? Discussion and Writing Topic Write three to five descriptive sentences about something that is amorphous. 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Worldly Sage 3000 Book 12 81
92Lesson 8 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. Aborigines ab ә r ij ne annul a brә gā t n An original inhabitant, particularly one displaced by later settlers. The Maori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, comprise many tribes and sub-tribes. aboriginal v. put an end to; abolish or repeal Often one of the first acts of a dictator is to abolish the powers of the press. Discuss a law with your partner that you want to overturn. Accessories ә p urt nәns bivouac bi vә wak Wal si tā shәn decry di krī n.An item of equipment; an accessory The apartment is equipped with air conditioning and a combination washer and dryer. no. A camp or temporary shelter. As we followed the Appalachian Trail, we looked for a sheltered, well-drained spot to set up our bivouac. bivouac stay in such camp. On June 30, Ewell's troops camped near a highway north of Gettysburg. S. A member of the order of marine mammals, which includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. The blue whale is the largest of the whales. whale or whale adj. v. Clapperclaw; report. Many citizens of the world still mourn the failure of stronger nations to intervene in the genocidal civil war that ravaged the African country of Rwanda in the 1990s. Condemn your partner for a social practice you detest. desuetude de swi tōod leviathan li vī ә then maudlin mô kish n. A state of disuse or inactivity. The old factory building was saved from abandonment when the city converted it into attractive and affordable housing units. S. Anything of enormous size. The cruise ship was a giant with luxury accommodations for more than two thousand passengers. adj. 1. Overly sentimental. Because today's greeting card verses are so sentimental, I often choose a humorous one. 2. Taste unpleasantly sweet. The sweet drink tasted like coconut milk and overripe mango. Create a short, smug poem with your partner. 82 Lesson 8
93misinterpret my a pri hend v. I do not understand well. So that nobody misinterprets the contractual conditions, we put them in writing. Misconception n Tell your partner about a common misconception people have about you. Municipality pә r ō kē әl adj. 1. Limited or narrow scope or perspective. She embraces the provincial view that what is good for her state is good for the country as a whole. 2. Of or relating to a church congregation. It is not necessary to be a member of the church to teach in a church school. With your partner, think about how a person with a limited point of view might begin to expand their understanding of the world. provide pәr v ā resource rē kōrs v. Engaged in the business of supplying goods, especially food or supplies, for your use. The Loxley Company has been delivering baked goods for five generations. Provider no. no. 1. Go to someone or something for help. You have the option of appealing to the courts if you cannot resolve the dispute on your own. 2. A source of help or support. Reading was his usual refuge during periods of insomnia. Share your usual resource with your partner when you need a lift. sattri plet adj. Well supplied; complete. His memories are full of funny anecdotes. Talk to your partner about what a meal of your favorite treats would entail. give up wav v. resign as a right; give up. I asked the bank to waive my late fee since the deadline was only an hour past. Disclaimer DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 83
948A Determine the exact meaning Choose the most accurate paraphrase for each sentence. 1. The barn was in a derelict condition. (a) The barn was neglected. (b) The barn was in a fully restored condition. 2. The respected company is a supplier of fine soaps. (a) The renowned company is a manufacturer of toilet soaps. (b) The respected entity is a supplier of toilet soap. 3. Native Americans came from Asia. (a) The first language of America came from Asia. (b) The first peoples of the Americas came from Asia. 4. The monster we were chasing was a leviathan. (a) The monster we were chasing was a creature of enormous size. (b) The monster we were chasing was a creature with magical powers. 5. Let me tell you what my funds are for the project. (a) Let me tell you what my itinerary is for the project. (b) Let me tell you what my alternative plan is for the project. 6. You received a waiver that allowed you to park wherever you wanted. (a) He received a bribe to let him park where he wanted. (b) He received an official document that allowed him to park where he wanted. aboriginal abrogate membership bivouac whale insult leviathan maudlin misunderstanding parish appeal enforcement waiver 7. The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 abolished the civil liberties of Americans. (a) The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 strengthened American civil rights. (b) The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 restricted American civil rights. 8. Most voters did not like the narrow views of the candidate. (a) Most voters did not like the narrow perspective of the candidate. (b) Most voters did not like the broad perspective of the candidate. 9. Right after criticizing modern technology, Lily used her cell phone to order a pizza. (a) Right after promoting modern technology, Lily used her cell phone to order a pizza. (b) Right after criticizing modern technology, Lily used her cell phone to order a pizza. 10. The sweet scenes were cut from the movie. (a) Overly sentimental scenes were cut from the film. (b) Excessively violent scenes were cut from the film. 11. There's a long list of accessories for those trying to climb Mount Everest. (a) There is a long list of special permits for those attempting to climb Mount Everest. (b) There is a long list of equipment for those who attempt to climb Mount Everest. 84 Lesson 8
9512. Professor Ramírez is a recognized expert on whales. (a) Professor Ramírez is a recognized expert on whales and dolphins. (b) Professor Ramírez is a recognized expert on moths and butterflies. 13. The waters of the island were full of cod. (a) The waters of the island were free of cod. (b) The waters off the island were teeming with cod. 14. Your misunderstanding causes a lot of trouble. (a) Their lack of understanding causes many problems. (b) His criminal act causes many problems. 15. We bivouac next to the river crossing. (a) We prepare to fight along the river crossing. (b) We camp near the river crossing. 8B Understanding Word Relationships Circle the letter next to each correct answer. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. What word or words are associated with abolish? (a) condemn (b) cancel (c) cancel (d) activate 2. What word or words refer to the team? (a) paraphernalia (b) revenge (c) accessories (d) whales 3. What word or words refer to marine life? (a) parent (b) native (c) tentacle (d) whale 4. What word or words belong to criticize? (a) deliver (b) rebuke (c) condemn (d) censure SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 85
965. What word or words are related to size? (a) leviathan (b) colossal (c) maudlin (d) resolve 6. What word or words are associated with sentimental? (a) listless (b) nostalgic (c) narrow-minded (d) maudlin 7. Which word or words refer to a limited scope? (a) native (b) in love (c) narrow-minded (d) envious 8. What word or words refer to giving up? (a) renounce (b) renounce (c) abjure (d) bivouac abortive belonging bivouac cetacean condemn disuse leviathan cloying misunderstanding ecclesiastical provision resource fed up renounce 9. What word or words are associated with inactive? (a) wicked (b) lazy (c) disuse (d) surly 10. What word or words are associated with abundance? (a) satiated (b) native (c) abundant (d) abundant 86 Lesson 8
978C Word Study: Word Parts Complete each sentence. Then write a short definition of the word. The number after each sentence is the lesson the word came from. 1. The prefix dis means not. It combines with the Latin simulare (to pretend) to the English word (5). Definition: 2. The prefix ex- or e- means outside. Together with the Latin greg or grex (a flock) it forms the English word (5). Definition: 3. The prefix a- means without. Combines with the Greek morphe (shape) to the English word (7). Definition: 4. The prefix en- means inside. It combines the Greek demos (people) to the English word (6). Definition: 5. The Greek genea (family) and logia (study) together form the English word (6). Definition: 6. The Greek mikros (small) and kosmos (world) together make the English word (5). Definition: 7. The prefix means between. Together with the Dutch loper (runner) it forms the English word (6). Definition: 8. The Greek dikho (two) and temnein (to cut) together make the English word (7). Definition: 9. The prefix pre- means before. It combines the Latin currere (to run) with the English word (6). Definition: DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 87
9810. The prefix prefix means before. Together with the Latin sentire (to feel) it forms the English word (6). Definition: 8D Understanding Contextual Meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. native void affiliation bivouac whale charge disuse leviathan cloying misunderstanding parish refuge regression fed resign 1. He spoke very clearly so that I would not misinterpret what I heard. 2. The king deposed his eldest son from the throne. 3. The hikers camped in a protected area. 4. Our skipper complained about a sail on the horizon. 5. The ground was muddy after heavy rain. 6. I spent the summer delivering fast food at the ballpark. 7. Gold mines were forgotten when precious metals flooded the market. 8. The infection in the parochial tubes was resistant to antibiotics. 9. The two captains greeted each other as they crossed their ships. 88 Lesson 8
9910. Whenever he was sad, Wong listened to the music of Richard Wagner. 8E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. Save the whales or the whalers? Until European explorers first came into contact with them in the early 19th century, the Inuit mistakenly thought they were the only living people. Such narrow-mindedness was understandable; They lived on the remote northwest coast of Greenland, eight hundred miles from the North Pole and five hundred miles from the nearest settlement to the south. Life as far north as Qaanaaq, an Inuit settlement near the site of first European contact, is not easy. During the long polar night from November to February, the sun disappears completely. Temperatures drop well below freezing. Yet the Inuit have survived in this inhospitable climate for a thousand years since their ancestors crossed the Bering Strait into North America, spread eastward, and reached Greenland around AD 1000. They were able to live here because the waters of Qaanaaq are rich in fish thanks to the warm nutrient-rich southern ocean currents. The fish attract a variety of marine mammals, mainly seals and a species of small cetaceans known as narwhals. For centuries, these creatures have provided the Inuit with food, clothing, oil, tools, shelter, and weapons. The skills of the hunters have allowed the Inuit to survive, and each generation passes the skills on to the next. Today, more than 600 people live in Qaanaaq. Unlike other groups in Siberia, Alaska, northern Canada, and the west coast of Greenland, whose survival skills have been forgotten due to prolonged exposure to European culture, the Inuit have retained much of their way of life. February marks the beginning of two twilight months and the start of hunting season. As soon as the weather permits, the families leave Qaanaaq and travel by dogsled to the camp at the edge of the solid ice, where they hunt seals, walruses, polar bears and whales. During the hunting season, the Inuit kill up to two hundred narwhals weighing up to three thousand pounds each. They preserve the meat by packing it in ice. The skin, which contains vitamin C, an important asset in a country where few plants grow, is eaten raw or cooked. Of course, Qaanaaq has not escaped outside influences. It has changed a lot in recent years and now has a post office, school, clinic, grocery store, and even a hot dog vendor at the Polar Grill. Its residents no longer live in igloos, but SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 89
100aborigines cancel accessories bivouac whale insult leviathan cloying misunderstanding church supplies resort to total abstinence in homes with indoor plumbing, hot running water, oil-generated electricity and other accoutrements of modern life. For those residents who can find employment in other ways, killing whales from sea kayaks with harpoons, even when supplemented with high-powered rifles, has become redundant to their livelihoods. This vision is reflected in the broader modern world. Many people today denounce the killing of whales at all costs. But that was not always the case. For much of the 19th century and well into the 20th, commercial whalers hunted most species to extinction in their search for whale oil, which was used to light lamps. However, with the development of electricity, whale oil was no longer necessary. As time passed and their numbers dwindled, these giants of the ocean began to exert an almost mystical hold on the human imagination. In the middle of the century, whale conservationists turned to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) to oppose the indiscriminate killing of these intelligent marine mammals. This is a voluntary organization of 24 whaling nations formed in 1945 to limit the number of whales caught each year. As these quotas proved unrealistic and stock depletion continued, activists used the slogan "Save the Whale" to persuade the IWC to ban all whaling groups in 2017 from continuing their whaling practices. Since then, pro-whaling groups in countries that once profited from whaling, most notably Norway and Japan, have tried to get the ban lifted. Members of these groups argue that the number of whales around the world has increased to the point where these mammals are no longer endangered. They reject the view that there is something special about whales that makes killing them immoral. To back up their arguments, they point out that the Inuit use firearms to kill harpooned whales, which is not a traditional method. They claim that they also sell some of the meat, suggesting that this makes them commercial whalers. Using the same arguments, proponents of the ban would like to go all out and extend it to Inuit. The people of Qaanaaq sit right in the middle. Sometimes you must wish you could turn back the clock to a time when you were alone in the world. Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. Why are whales an important part of Inuit life? 2. What tools do the Inuit use today to hunt whales that they did not use in the past? 90 Lesson 8
1013. What criticism is leveled at those who are against all whaling? 4. Why did the International Whaling Commission allow the Inuit to continue taking whales despite the 1986 ban? 5. How did the Inuit survive so far north for so long? 6. What areas of Inuit life have not been forgotten? 7. What problem does the International Whaling Commission face regarding its 1986 ban? 8. Do you think Inuit should continue to be exempt from the whaling ban? Explain your answer 9. Why is it impossible for Inuit today to see the world so narrowly? 10. What options do you think the Inuit have if the IWC prohibits them from whaling? Fun and Fascinating FACTS The word Leviathan was popularized by the 17th century philosopher Thomas Hobbes in a work that took Leviathan as its title and described a vast state with complete control over its hapless citizens. The word Leviathan meant anything of great size, such as a whale or a large ship. The word also serves as a useful metaphor to describe things that are scary because of their sheer size and power, such as the Nazi Party of Germany between 1933 and SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 91
1028 Vocabulary expansion misunderstanding verb Not understanding correctly. Parts of Words The prefix means false or incorrect. An example of another word with this root is miscalculated. What are some other words with the prefix mis-? Synonyms and Antonyms Synonyms: misunderstand, misinterpret Antonyms: understand, comprehend Prompt to discuss and write Describe a situation where you misunderstood something at school or with your friends. Include how you reacted to your mistake and how the misunderstanding was resolved. 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. 92 Lesson 8
103Lesson 5 8 Repeat the hidden message In the spaces provided, write the words from Lessons 5 through 8 that are missing from each sentence. The number after each sentence is the lesson the word came from. Done correctly, the shaded boxes provide the answer to this question: Why is experience such a hard teacher? 1. An Indian is a (8) 2. Nothing seems to keep her from her. (6) 3. It was a mistake to ignore the warning. (5) 4. In case of non-appearance, your right to compensation expires. (7) 5. I have not exercised any of my rights in this matter. (8) 6. I try to label myself as a scammer. (8) 7. It doesn't make sense because we know all the facts. (5) 8. The Ford Model T was the successor to the Model A. (6) 9. We will include this amount in the final total. (7) 10. The judge guarantees them a fair trial. (5) 11. The sun formed from a mass of gases. (7) 12. AIDS emerged in East Africa in the 1990s. (6) 13. That between good and evil persists. (7) 14. The dolphin is like the whale. (8) 15. We easily saw through something so obvious. (5) DO NOT DUPLICATE Y SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 93
104Lessons 5 8 Review continued 16. A mare produces many foals. (6) 17. The plan to kill the king was thwarted. (7) 18. It's time to get rid of this system. (5) 19. This lever is for the switch. (6) S 20. His took many forms but went unpunished. (5) 21. They finished theirs with a handshake. (5) 22. Your comments hurt my feelings. (7) 23. She was ashamed to read his love poems. (8) 24. Flower beds make an attractive display. (7) 25. These boring teachings for the mind. (5) 26. The machines that were left behind began to rust. (8) 27. It consisted of twenty stores. (8) 28. Hearing his voice depresses us. (6) 29. He has an (n) interest in the merger. (5) 30. This new ship belongs to the cruise ships. (8) 31. The rejection of moral values leads to. (7) 32. R.H. & Co. beef and beef products only. (8) 94 repetitions for Lessons 5 8
10533. The guests stayed up late after the meal. (8) 34. He offered songs, skits and jokes. (7) 35. His dealings with foreigners annoyed his friends. (7) 36. We listened to them while we tried to sleep. (5) 37. What do I have if I change my mind? (8) 38. IQ tests measure a person's abilities. (6) 39. Cows do not drink water. (6) 40. Both parties must agree. (7) 41. The quality of is important in a friend. (5) 42. Basketball players can eat LeBron James. (7) 43. Many Russians know about the evil deeds of Joseph Stalin. (5) 44. I hereby profess my belief in Bigfoot. (7) W 45. I felt like one when the members ignored me. (6) 46. The moth infestation affected the sweaters stored in the attic. (6) DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 95
106Lesson 9 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. appropriate to pә zәt slander ka lәm nē adj. Highly relevant; appropriate. Skyscraper is an appropriate name for the many tall buildings in Manhattan. n) A false accusation intended to damage a person's reputation; Defamation. Anyone who committed slander back then was very likely to be challenged to a duel by the victim. defamatory Ask your partner what remedies someone might have against slander. dō mān domain no. 1. Area or territory over which control is exercised. The rule of the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan stretched across much of Asia in the 13th century. 2. A field of activity, knowledge, or concern. In the field of the arts, the Maya civilization (c. 600-1500) in Central America was extraordinarily advanced. With your partner, brainstorm some events that expanded the dominance of the United States. dorsal dôr sәl enervate e nәr vāt adj. On, on, or near a creature's back. The dorsal shell of a turtle is called a carapace. v. To lessen power or strength; weaken. Sitting in the hot tub at her gym for too long was debilitating for my cousin. With your partner, make a list of some illnesses that can make a person weak. epicurean e pi kyoor excuse me ek skәl pā t heterogeneous he tә rә jē nē әs n. One with discerning tastes, particularly, but not exclusively, in relation to food and drink. Foodies gathered at Le Crillon in Paris to vote for Chef of the Year. v. Get rid of the supposed guilt or guilt. With her diligence and her legal knowledge, the young lawyer exonerated the accused. exonerate adj. they differ in nature or parts; changeable. The college students in this old neighborhood help make the community more diverse. Discuss the advantages of a mixed student body with your partner. infinite esimal in fi n e t e sә mәl adj. Extremely small in size or quantity. Quarks are infinitesimal subatomic particles that form protons and neutrons. 96 Lesson 9
107lateral la t r l adj. From, towards, from or to the side. The tree took on a more upright shape after some of the side branches were removed. With your partner, name the classmates sitting next to you. primitive prī mē vәl quintessence kwin te sәns adj. Of or relating to the oldest ages; Primitive. The dinosaur whose bones we have discovered may have died in a primeval swamp a hundred million years ago. S. The best or most typical example. Ballet dancer Vaslov Nijinsky ( ) was considered the epitome of grace and beauty. Basic Talk to your partner about someone you think is the quintessential humor. dentate sә r Ât әd veritable see ә tә bәl adj. With a jagged or jagged edge. The linden has irregular leaves. adj. Being in fact the thing named or described; literally so. It is often used to emphasize the aptness of a metaphor. The sound system failed, which made the concert a real disaster. Share with your partner a true dream vacation that you want to do. viviparous vī vi pә rәs adj. Producing live young instead of eggs as is the case with most mammals and some reptiles and fish. The Australian and Tasmanian platypus is not viviparous, although it is a mammal. 9A Understanding meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. 1. Apologizing means making that person guilty. 2. The dorsal area is the region along the back. SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 97 DO NOT DUPLICATE
108contiguous slander domain dorsally annoying Epicurus exculpate heterogeneous infinitesimal lateral primeval quintessence perforated truly life-bearing 3. A jagged edge is one that has saw teeth. 4. A sideways movement is unexpected. 5. An appropriate title is one that fits. 6. A primeval forest is a forest that existed in ancient times. 7. A heterogeneous group is a group whose members are all the same. 8. Libel is money paid as compensation for an injury. 9. A true fortune is one that really is a fortune. 10. To weaken someone means to empower that person. 11. A viviparous creature is one that eats its victims alive. 12. A gourmet is someone who claims to be able to cure the sick. 13. The essence of courtesy is courtesy in its purest form. 14. An infinitesimal set is an extremely small set. 98 Lesson 9
10915. A domain is a specific field of activity. 9B Using Words If the word in bold (or a form of the word) fits into a sentence from the following group, write it in the blank space. If the word does not match, leave the field blank. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Apologize (a) The makers of the roller coaster did so because the injured rider took a great risk riding the ride. (b) Before painting the store front, we must apply old paint. multiple layers of (c) Just look at the evidence: it definitely is. 2. Quintessence (a) It is (b) Jackson Pollock is an expressionism. that Lucía receives this message immediately. Twentieth-Century Abstraction Painters (c) Byron, Keats and Shelley, these immortal poems. 3. Domain (a) Boolean algebra is not my romantic character, he wrote, so I have to bow to his opinion. (b) The Louisiana Purchase expanded the (c) A Hermit, Emily Dickinson, to the United States. it was the top floor of her house in Amherst. 4. true (a) During the garbage collectors' strike, a mountain of garbage had accumulated. (b) The doctor's tireless commitment to the fight against the Ebola virus in Zaire made her a hero. (c) Edna St. Vincent Millay's poem The Courage My Mother Had is a daughter's tribute to her mother. SSI Wordly Wise 3000 Book 12 99 DO NOT DUPLICATE
1105. infinitesimal (a) The universe extends over a (b) One trillion is like this (c) One millionth of a gram is a distance in all directions. a number that we cannot imagine. Crew. 6. True (a) Unfortunately, the brothers came into conflict. Pages from (b) The example you give is not glossed over. (c) he invented the magazine covers for artist Norman Rockwell. 7. Foodie (a) Someone who only eats at fast food restaurants cannot be called a. (b) she is a writer who enjoys Isaac Bashevis Singer's Nobel Prize-winning passages on Polish-Jewish culture. (c) The true eighth primitive (a) Archeopteryx was willing to pay a high price for these Provencal truffles. Bird that lived two hundred million years ago. (b) A number like 23 can only be divided by itself and 1. (c) Life on Earth began in the seas three billion years ago. adjacent defamation domain dorsally annoying Epicurus exculpate heterogeneous infinitesimal lateral primeval quintessence perforated truly viviparous 100 lesson 9
111Word Study 9C: Synonyms and Antonyms Each word group contains two words that are either synonyms or antonyms. circulate them. Then circle S if they are synonyms or A if they are antonyms. 1. primitive exonerate contentious burdensome S A 2. narrow-minded narrow-minded sentimental covert S A 3. demand surrender waiver summary S A 4. dichotomy hostility mood harassment S A 5. cognitively fertile infertile insidious S A 6. parent parent intruder provider S A 7. perceptive serene painful viviparous S A 8 . abjure embrace spoil declaim S A 9. disguise spoil absorb absorb weaken S A 10. imply condemn foolish defend S A 9D Word Pictures Circle the letter next to the sentence that suggests the vocabulary word in bold. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. dorsal (a) A small shed was attached to the back of the house. (b) You must scroll to the end of the book to find the footnotes. (c) The top of the trout is mottled in contrast to its pale underbelly. 2. Slander (a) The neighbor alleged without any proof that the parents neglected his child. (b) An earthquake followed by a fire was almost too much to bear. (c) He is a man of such integrity that I cannot believe what you just said about him. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
1123. viviparous (a) American playwright Wendy Wasserstein wrote successful plays for more than twenty years. (b) Children become quite lively as soon as they are allowed to play outside. (c) Less than an hour after birth, the baby elephant was upright and was able to walk. 4. Lateral (a) My appointment as Sales Manager was neither a promotion nor a demotion. (b) The ball was thrown directly over the player's head. (c) The ribs of vertebrates are attached to both sides of the vertebral column. 5. heterogeneous (a) The United States is made up of people from all over the world. (b) The camp attracted young people from different parts of the city. (c) Hannah Arendt's account of the trial of Adolf Eichmann was brilliant and controversial. 6. weaken (a) The extreme heat prevented me from thinking clearly. (b) The fever made the patient barely able to sit up in bed. (c) Without much notice, she boldly accepted the role and performed it with great panache. 7. Area (a) My brother cannot enter my room without my permission. (b) Growing up on the farm in Nebraska gave me precious memories. (c) In this pride of lions, a woman is the leader. contiguous slanderous area dorsally annoying enjoyers exculpate heterogeneously infinitesimal laterally primeval quintessence perforated truly alive giving birth eighth quintessence (a) Our five senses give us information about the outside world. (b) The Zen master's years of meditation turned him into a vision of stillness. (c) One part of juice concentrate is diluted with four parts of water. 9. Notched (a) A series of V-shaped notches was cut into the top of the fence. (b) The waves propagate in larger and larger circles on the surface of the pond. (c) We were tossed up and down as we rode our bikes down the cobbled streets. 10. apologize (a) In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne refuses to identify her adulterous partner. (b) Margot took entire passages from the book and passed them off as her own work. (c) There was no way for the pet to escape from the house. 102 Lesson 9
1139E Vocabulary in Context Read the passage. White Death The grueling heat of a South Australian summer sent hordes of people to the beach, where they found relief by swimming in the Indian Ocean. Shirley Ann Durdin was one of them. It is almost certain that she had no idea of the danger. The only thing she probably felt was a violent push before the water turned red around her and she disappeared, the unfortunate victim of a great white shark. Almost immediately, a veritable armada of shark hunters rushed into their boats, armed with cannons, harpoons, nets, and poisoned bait, in a vain attempt to track down the killer and avenge Durdin's death. Although the attack took place in 1985, the description of how it happened is characteristic of many attacks. For centuries, people have viewed the great white shark as the quintessential evil, a ruthless killer that attacks humans out of sheer malice. The sight of its dorsal fin cutting through the water sends shivers down your spine. In Australia it is aptly known as the 'White Death', while Hollywood films such as 'Jaws' continue to paint a slanderous image of this fearsome creature. Sharks first appeared in Earth's primordial seas 300 million years ago and have been at the top of the ocean food chain ever since. The great white shark has unique characteristics that allow it to surprise, dominate, and defeat its prey, usually large marine animals, fish, and sea turtles. The shark is between 15 and 20 feet long and weighs one and a half tons or more. It has powerful jaws large enough to swallow a sea lion in one bite. Its serrated teeth, three inches long, are arranged in rows, and if it loses one, another moves forward to replace it. Your brain receives information through a variety of unusual sensory abilities. A shark's sense of smell is extremely acute. A shark can smell blood in concentrations as low as one part in ten million, allowing it to locate a bloodstain from miles away. Through a series of lateral sensors on each side of its body, it can feel the erratic vibrations of an injured fish or the arms and legs of a swimmer. He also possesses a feeling that humans lack. Through receptors under its snout, it can detect the infinitesimally small electric field of just one hundred-millionth of a volt emitted by all living things. This also allows it to locate prey in its area of water from a considerable distance. Although the word shark conjures up an image of the great white shark, this creature is just one of 350 different species. They form an extremely diverse group, ranging from the six-inch pygmy shark to the fifty-foot plankton-eating whale shark. Only a dozen species are known to attack humans, including the tiger shark, bull shark, hammerhead shark, whitetip shark, and blue shark, and most feared of all, the great white shark. If humans have reason to fear sharks, sharks have even more reason to fear humans. Seventy to one hundred shark attacks are reported worldwide in each SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book.
114year, of which five to fifteen are fatal; Instead, millions of sharks are caught each year using longline gear intended for other fish. Although sharks are rarely successful as human food due to the high uric acid content in their meat, in recent years sharks have been killed for their fins, which are an essential ingredient in shark fin soup. This is a popular dish in some Asian countries. In Hong Kong, gourmets pay up to fifty dollars for a plate of this delicacy. Unlike other fish, which lay thousands of eggs at a time, sharks are viviparous, giving birth to five to 10 pups at a time, with potentially two years between litters. Given this slow reproduction rate and increased attacks on them, shark populations are declining. Not to do something about it would be a tragedy, as sharks play an important role in maintaining a healthy balance in the oceans. In addition, researchers have discovered that sharks do not appear to develop tumors. Scientists speculate that shark skin or its derivatives may play an important role in treating some types of cancer, and they would like more opportunities to work with sharks. In response to concerns that the great white shark was disappearing, South Africa declared it an endangered species in 2012. Several other countries, including the United States, later followed suit. In 2004, at the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, the world community agreed to restrict the use of great white sharks and shark parts for commercial purposes. While people may not be ready to excuse the shark yet, they seem to realize that the species needs protection. Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. coincidental defamation dorsal area baffled epicurean exculpate heterogeneous infinitesimal lateral primeval quintessence perforated truly viviparous 1. Is it appropriate to call all sharks dangerous to humans? Explain your answer 2. Why is the great white shark such a successful predator in its domain? 3. How do you know that sharks have been around longer than humans? 4. Why have connoisseurs never been interested in shark meat? 5. What details from the passage illustrate the claim that sharks are a heterogeneous group? 104 Lesson 9
1156. What do a saw and the tooth of a great white shark have in common? 7. Why would even a small cut on a swimmer attract a great white shark to this person? 8. What warning might people have that there is a shark in the water nearby? 9. How are sharks different from other fish when it comes to reproduction? 10. What is one reason to smear sharks? 11. Why is it correct to say that there has been a true depletion of sharks in recent decades? Fun and Fascinating FACTS The Greek philosopher Epicurus (BC) taught that joy, which he defined as freedom from pain and fear, was in fact the supreme, the only good. He did not advocate a riotous and lustful life, but a life in accordance with ascetic principles. In the centuries that followed, Epicurus's teachings were distorted and a gourmet became one who indulged in sensual pleasures. Later still, the word acquired its current meaning, someone who shows refinement of taste, especially in matters of food and drink. In ancient times and medieval times, it was believed that all things consist of only four substances called essences (from the Latin verb to eat, to be). These four essences were earth, air, fire and water. In addition, it was believed that there is a fifth essence called quintessence (from the Latin quintus, fifth), which permeates all of nature and the sky. It was the purest and most concentrated essence. This seemingly far-fetched idea gave us the quintessential word. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
1169 Vocabulary Stretch Domain Noun 1. A field of activity, knowledge, or concern. 2. An area or territory over which control is exercised. In the field of law you can become a lawyer, police officer or forensic scientist. Context Notes These sentences provide clues to the meaning of domain. My mother excels in her work in the increasingly demanding field of politics. The dog marks her territory to make sure all the dogs in the neighborhood know that our yard is her domain. Discussion and writing prompt Describe the area in which you would like to work. What profession do you aspire to and why? 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. 106 Lesson 9
117Lesson 10 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. sharpness to kyә men sn sharpness of mind; Wisdom. Ruth Bader Ginsburg's legal acumen led to her Supreme Court nomination Tell your partner about someone you know who has great insight. Apotheosis ә pä thē ō sәs n.º 1. The elevation of a person or thing to divine status. Such was Nero's vanity that nothing less than the apotheosis of him by the Roman Senate could satisfy it. 2. The highest point or best example. Many people consider Beethoven's music to be the apotheosis of romanticism. Ask your partner who they think is the apotheosis of athletics. crooked ә sk yōo chaste chā sәn demarcation dē mär kā shәn adj. and adv. Turned or twisted to one side; out of line. The gate to the cow pasture was a little crooked and didn't close properly. v. Correct or improve by disciplining; to make them more cautious or reserved. The boy's parents chastised him for coming home after his curfew. Caning Has a humiliating or restrictive effect. N. 1. The act or process of setting a boundary; the border itself According to the 1953 Armistice, the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) is the demarcation between North Korea and South Korea. 2. Separation; Distinction. In the summer mist there was no clear demarcation between the sea and the sky. Discuss a distinction between Republicans and Democrats with your partner. dictum dik tәm n. A statement or affirmation. The sports teacher's saying was: There is no gain without diligence. Talk to your partner about the opinion that could be right. formerly әrst wīl adj. From earlier times; previous. My former companions have gone their separate ways. forte para tā habitué hә bi chә w ān An activity in which a person excels. Tennessee Williams was a poet and short story writer, but his forte was writing plays. n. Person who regularly goes to a certain place. Edward Hopper painted the habits of night owls. Ask your partner where he is used to. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
118nonplus nän plәs peripatetic per ә pә t e tik prodigal pre di gel sycophant si kә fәn t v. So you don't know what to say or do. The guest's continued reluctance surprised the host of the TV show. adj. Of or relating to walking from one place to another, especially walking. These roving conversations between the lawyers took place between their offices and the courthouse. n.He who spends lavishly or lavishly. During the Golden Age of the second half of the 19th century in the United States, millionaires were often called prodigals. extravagant n.One who uses flattery to gain favor or to ingratiate oneself. The Emperor's sycophants would never dream of telling her the truth about his new clothes. creeping adj. With your partner, think of a famous character from movies or books. meaningless va kyә wәs adj. Lack of intelligence or ideas; mind vacuum. He couldn't wait to leave dinner because of the empty conversation at the table. Tell your partner if you'd rather hang out with someone nice but vapid or someone smart but mean. wraith rāth n. A shadowy or ghostly figure. In the film, a ghost emerges from the mist, points an accusing finger, and then disappears. creepy adj. 10A Determine the exact meaning Choose the most accurate paraphrase for each sentence. 1. Uncle Charlie had a maxim for every situation. (a) Uncle Charlie had a generally accepted statement for each situation. (b) Uncle Charlie had a jacket for every situation. 2. The host was surprised when the guests refused to shake hands. (a) The host became silently angry when the guests refused to shake his hand. (b) The host did not know what to think when the guests refused to shake his hand. 3. My acumen will be severely tested in my new job. (a) My mental abilities would be severely tested in my new job. (b) My physical condition would be severely tested in my new job. 108 Lesson 10
1194. Some meetings were held in the office, others were traveling. (a) Some meetings were held in the office, others were held throughout the city. (b) Some meetings took place in the office, others while we were walking. 5. My former student has just been appointed as a federal judge. (a) My former student has just been appointed as a federal judge. (b) My favorite student has just been appointed as a federal judge. 6. The political party promised to change their wasteful ways. (a) The political party promised to improve its spending freedom. (b) The political party promised to improve their savings. 7. In Shakespeare's famous play, Hamlet's father appears before him as a ghost. (a) In Shakespeare's famous play, Hamlet's father appears before him as a ghostly figure. (b) In Shakespeare's famous play, Hamlet's father appears before him as an old man. 8. It was customary for a Roman emperor to order the apotheosis of his deceased predecessor. (a) It was customary for a Roman emperor to order the public dedication of his deceased predecessor. (b) It was customary for a Roman emperor to decree the elevation to divine status of his deceased predecessor. 9. The demarcation between Shiites and Sunnis has been critical in the Middle East. (a) The borders that marked the division between Shiites and Sunnis were critical in the Middle East. (b) The ongoing fighting between Shiites and Sunnis has been critical in the Middle East. 10. I wasn't surprised when my cousin was accused of being a sycophant. (a) I was not surprised when my cousin was accused of being a petty thief. (b) I was not surprised that my cousin was accused of being a shameless sycophant. 11. The experience, I admit, was sobering. (a) The experience, I admit, was painful but necessary. (b) The experience, I admit, was ecstatic. 12. Bringing people together was the president's forte. (a) Gathering the people was the special gift of the president. (b) Gathering the people was the President's proposal. 13. My little sister gave all kinds of hollow reasons for not wanting to go to school. (a) My little sister gave all sorts of serious reasons why she didn't want to go to school. (b) My little sister gave all kinds of silly reasons why she didn't want to go to school. 14. The announcer appeared on TV with his tie in disarray. (a) The announcer appeared on television with his tie stained with food. (b) The announcer appeared on television with his tie to one side. Wordly Wise 3000 Book DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI
12015. The author writes about the Habitués of the underworld. (a) The author writes about the inhabitants of the underworld. (b) The author writes about the unwritten laws of the underworld. 10B Understanding relationships between words Circle the letter next to each correct answer. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. What word or words refer to capacity? (a) wit (b) rough (c) aptitude (d) jagged 2. What word or words refer to elevation? (a) zenith (b) apotheosis (c) demarcation (d) infinitesimal 3. What word or words are associated with offline? (a) bewildered (b) confused (c) crooked (d) habitué insight apotheosis crooked chaste demarcation opinion formerly forte habititué nonplus peripatetic prodigal flatterer empty specter 4. What word or words are associated with scolding? (a) punish (b) punish (c) punish (d) servile 5. What word or words are related to the pronunciation? (a) Spirit (b) Proverb (c) Maxim (d) Proverb 6. Which word or words refer to an earlier time? (a) precursor (b) insight (c) excuse (d) formerly 110 Lesson 10
1217. What word or words refer to ability? (a) mastery (b) strength (c) aptitude (d) judgment 8. What word or words are associated with flattery? (a) admiration (b) flattery (c) slander (d) waste 9. What word or words are associated with excessive? (a) appropriate (b) once (c) exorbitant (d) luxurious 10. What word or words are associated with confusing? (a) unnerve (b) worry (c) stray (d) no more 10C Word Study: Analogies Complete the analogies by choosing the pair of words whose relationship is most similar to the relationship of the capitalized pair. Circle the letter next to the pair you choose. 1. DECLARATION : ENCOMIUM :: (a) disuse : idleness (b) exemplary : example 2. STRONG : HERCULEAN :: (a) bad : scandalous (b) real : supposed (c) mélange : mixture (d) chicanery : rectitude (c) clear : brackish (d) accessible : rebellious 3. UNVIDIOUS : resentment :: (a) empirical : data (b) amorphous : form 4. bivouac : tent :: (a) chaste : malefactor (b) swim : pond (c) endemic: disease (d) ridicule: laughter (c) reward: vendetta (d) waiver: SSI requirement DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book
1225. BACK: BACK :: (a) lateral: side (b) infant: suspicious son (b) spectrum: spirit 8. SYCOPHANT: ADULATION :: (a) apothecary: health (b) role model: stupidity 9. PRIMARY : EARLIER :: (a) insidious: absent (b) innate: viviparous 10. AMORPHOUS: SHAPE:: (a) nefarious: crime (b) brackish: salt (c) peripatetic: pedestrian (d) lazy: lazy ( c) related : Relevance (d) puzzled : ignorance (c) hiatus : pause (d) dancer : grace (c) chatterbox : cunning (d) prodigal : absence (c) prolific : present (d) prospective : future (c) infinitesimal : greatness (d) nihilistic: meaning 10D Understanding contextual meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. insight apotheosis crooked chaste demarcation opinion formerly forte habitué nonplus peripatetic wasteful sycophant empty mind 1. The driveway has recently been paved with insight. 2. The peripatetic persecution was recorded on national television. 3. Misbehaving children will be disciplined with a time out. 4. As altitude increases, the air becomes emptier. 112 Lesson 10
1235. Travelers were shocked to find out that the camp was closed for the season. 6. The demarcation has been represented on the map with a red line. 7. The saying I quoted was found in a fortune cookie. 8. Silas was so wasteful that he used the same tea bag three times. 9. Vet Center regulars are fiercely patriotic. 10. Every year we hang a ghost on the door of our house for the holidays. 10E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. The Pop Mogul When the Andy Warhol Museum opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1994, it marked the apotheosis of one of America's best-known and most prolific artists. Two qualities are essential to the success of a museum dedicated to a single artist; If the artist is relatively unknown, few people will visit the museum, and if the artist's output is small, there will not be enough works to fill the space. Warhol succeeded on both counts, being well known and prolific. Every year thousands of people visit the museum, which exhibits only a fraction of Warhol's incredible work, more than three thousand works of art. Pittsburgh was an appropriate choice for the museum because Warhol, whose parents immigrated to the United States from Transylvania, grew up in one of Pittsburgh's suburbs. After attending the Carnegie Institute of Technology in that city, he graduated in 1949 at the age of 21 and moved to New York City. Within a decade of his arrival in New York via a combination of SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book
124insight apotheosis crooked chaste demarcation opinion once forte habitué nonplus wanderer prodigal lazy vapid entrepreneurial spirit and his skill as a graphic artist earned him enough money to buy a fancy house in Manhattan. Once Andy Warhol was financially established, he wanted to make a name for himself as an artist. He set out to blur the line between commercial art and fine art. Through the use of screen printing and photography, which allowed for the creation of multiple copies of a work, and by choosing common and often commercial objects as subjects, he created art that expressed the reality of everyday life. This was in direct contrast to the art of the time, known as abstract expressionism. The work of Warhol and others was called folk art, later shortened to pop art. Then Andy Warhol continued. His forte was self-promotion, and despite his apparent disregard for fame, he eagerly pursued it. Shortly after arriving in New York, he had begun dying his hair silver, which accentuated his already creepy appearance. In the 1960s, when he was starting to go bald, he wore a silver wig that looked a lot like a mop. This should become a trademark. He went to gallery openings, parties, restaurants and clubs almost every night. He placed great importance on meeting celebrities and began to socialize with the elite of New York society, most of whom were flattered to be seen in his company. His seemingly blank stare took it all in, though his small stature belied his influence in the art world. Warhol's life and art became one: he himself became one of his greatest creations. Warhol produced his art in a studio he called the Factory. The name was appropriate due to the mass production techniques he employed. The Factory has changed locations several times over the years, but has always attracted a small group of sugary lickers from the fringes of the art world and drug culture who were drawn to Warhol's celebrity. The more outrageous his behavior, the more likely they were to gain access to his presence. In 1968, this led to tragedy when one of the former Factory regulars, in a deranged state, shot and nearly killed Warhol. Warhol's famous saying that in the future everyone will be world famous for a quarter of an hour came true for him in a way he had not anticipated. Upbraided by this experience, Warhol adopted a more cautious lifestyle, installing surveillance cameras at the factory for the first time. He left behind many of his former acquaintances. The amazing performance of him continued unabated. Soup can paintings, soap dish sculptures, various images of celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe, Jacqueline Kennedy, Elvis Presley and of course portraits of himself in his crooked silver wig became Pop Art icons; they all charge high prices. With his vast wealth, Warhol indulged in lavishly purchasing everything from Old Master paintings to cookie jars. His traveling expeditions took him to Manhattan's art galleries, auction houses, jewelry stores and flea markets, followed by a limousine to transport the purchases to his twenty-room mansion. Warhol died unexpectedly in 1987 after gallbladder surgery. His estate was valued at more than half a billion dollars, most of which he left to establish a foundation for 114 Lesson 10
125promote the fine arts. The contents of his house sold for twenty-five million dollars at auction. His collection of 175 cookie jars sold for an average of $1,500 each, a bargain for proud owners who might later point to their authentic Warhol cookie jars. Art critics were divided during his lifetime as to whether Warhol was a great artist or simply a self-promoter in a class of his own. Many refused to take his work seriously and were surprised when he agreed. When Andy Warhol learned that critics were accusing him of producing nonsensical art, Andy Warhol's disarming response was: You're right. However, his influence is still present today. Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. What talents did Andy Warhol possess that made him successful? 2. How could Warhol's appearance belie his importance in the art world? 3. What detail indicates that Warhol was not concerned with a well-groomed appearance? 4. Why did Warhol become a regular at New York society and celebrity gatherings? 5. What effect did the assassination attempt have on Warhol? 6. Why do you think people fawned over Warhol? 7. Why did Warhol's death surprise many people? 8. What posthumous event increased Warhol's fame? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
1269. How did Warhol's lavish purchases generate money after his death? 10. How did Warhol contradict his famous saying? 11. How was Warhol's art different from art produced in the mid-20th century? Fun & Fascination FACTS shrewdness apotheosis crooked chaste demarcation dictum formerly forte habitué nonplus peripatetic wasteful sycophant vacuous specter A person possessed by shrewdness can be said to have a sharp mind, and the etymology of the term suggests so. It comes from the Latin acuere, to sharpen. Several other words share this root. A sharp pain is sharp, as is a sharp angle. An acrid odor is one that is felt acrid in the nose. Acids also have a pungent taste or odor. Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese medical treatment that uses fine, sharp needles to pierce the skin at carefully selected points. The Greek philosopher Aristotle gave instructions to his students as he toured his school outside Athens. The Greek word peripatetic, from peri-, around, and patein, to go, was applied to his philosophy. The word has been preserved, but without the capital p, its meaning has come to mean traveling from one place to another on foot. 116 Lesson 10
12710 vocabulary expansion dictum noun A statement or statement. In medieval England, a town crier would make public statements as required by the court. Word Parts The Latin root of the word dict means to say. An example of another word with this root is prediction. What are some other words with the root of the word? Discussion and Writing Topic Describe three dictates explained by officials at your school and whether you agree with each one. 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Book of the wise men of the world 3000.
128Lesson 11 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. Cacophony ka kä fә nē n Harsh or shrill sound. A cacophony of sirens heralded the arrival of the fire trucks. cacophonous Think with your partner about some types of sounds that are always a cacophony, such as: B. Howling geese or a fire alarm. confrere kän frer n.comrade; Colleague. After her computer graphics class, Tyra met with her classmates to refine her plans for the required group project. Discuss with his partner what graduating with your confreres means to you. summon kәn vōk filia fi lē әl fractious frak she v. Appoint or call a meeting. On December 10, 1948, the member states of the United Nations meeting to consider the Universal Declaration of Human Rights voted overwhelmingly to approve that document. call s.adj. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a son or daughter. In some cultures, adult children care for their elders as part of their filial responsibilities. adj. Tends to be troublesome; irritable. What may seem like just rebellious behavior in a child may actually be a symptom of a disease. Talk to your partner about what to do when friendly banter turns into a brittle argument. brilliant silly m nā t humorous jä ky l r v. Express denunciation, often explosively. This is not fair to my workers! the foreman roared furiously. lightning s.adj. Given or characterized by jokes; playful; fun. The children laughed with delight at the appearance of the clown with his joke Ha ha ha! Joke N. Talk to your partner about someone in your family who is always joking. meaningless nōo gә t ōr ē adj. No power or effect. The contract is void because it lacks performance provisions. 118 Lesson 11
129obloquy ä blә k wē n. 1. An expression of denunciation. In 1961, the construction of the Berlin Wall, which divided the city and imprisoned GDR citizens within its borders, caused public slander. 2. The condition of who is despised for a shameful act. Seduced by false values, the antihero of the play becomes a victim of his own slander. Say something to your partner that would normally trigger a scolding. tangible friend pә bel parity par ә t ē adj. 1. Easy to touch or feel. The small but palpable lump on his arm was diagnosed as a cyst. 2. Easy to see, hear, or recognize; apparently. There was a palpable tension in the room as the students waited to receive their exam results. n.Equal rank or value. The strengthening US dollar finally reached parity with the British pound. Talk with your partner about the importance of parity in sports leagues. read carefully pә r ōoz controversial pә le mik v. Read something, either casually or up close. Before signing the agreements, the partners carefully reviewed them. N. 1. An argument to refute a position or opinion. The protester launched a fierce polemic against the company's hiring practices, which she considered sexist. 2. Someone who aggressively takes a stand. Debating such a successful polemic requires excellent rhetorical skills. polemic Polemic m Share your polemics with your partner about a law with which you disagree. plead sә please k āt temporize temp pә r īz v. asking humbly; beg or beg The defendant pleaded with the jury for clemency. Supplicant N. The one who begs. Please N. A plea. v. Acting evasively to reach a compromise or buy time. Unwilling to vote the measure up or down, Congress wavered. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
13011A Understanding meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. cacophony call confreres childish rebellious brilliant joking irrelevant opprobrium tangible parity read polemics beg compromise 1. A stubborn animal is one that is not easy to control. 2. An obvious mistake is a mistake that cannot be covered up. 3. A supplicant is someone who moves with ease and grace. 4. A congregation is a gathering of people together. 5. A debater is someone who is an expert in defending a position. 6. Obloquy is the expression of mourning for a deceased. 7. A cacophonous performance is one that is uncomfortably loud and jarring. 8. Temporarily means acting quickly. 9. Parity is the state of equivalence or equality. 10. A child relationship is a relationship between close friends. 11. To be enraged is to suffer in silence. 120 Lesson 11
13112. A minor matter is a matter that requires attention. 13. Reading a column means reading it carefully. 14. A confrere is a colleague. 15. Wit is a lighthearted joke. 11B Word Usage If the word in bold (or a form of the word) fits into a sentence from the following group, write it in the blank space. If the word does not match, leave the field blank. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Controversy (a) Colonist Thomas Paine's article went to (b) The boy had a fit of (c) The debate consisted of one stale page. against English rule. when they told him it was time to go. this changed the views of 2. (a) The agreement is void unless signed by both parties of their own free will. (b) The item is so one-sided that its value is. (c) I asked the manager to reconsider, but his response was. 3. Sister (a) The President meets with her (b) The Lawyer entered into an order for the selection of a successor. with his client before approaching the judge. c) All the members of the National Assembly knew each other well. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
1324. Palpable (a) Accusing such an upright citizen of dishonesty is absurd. (b) The planes above them took off (c) The ghost seemed so vibrating in the air, but it flew through a solid wall. 5. Please (a) Please (b) Charities (c) We have done everything possible for your dog. this assignment and give a copy to each student. the public to give them money. the woman who mourned the loss of 6. Obloquy (a) Joan of Arc has hers (b) The senator expected nothing from her for an hour in the process. to support the action. (c) On Saturday. 7. Summon (a) The king plans differences. because our friend who died unexpectedly is being held at a barons convention to see his (b) his You can't make a solemn promise and then argue. it is useless (c) The goddess Demeter kidnaps her daughter. Hades, King of the Underworld, to reply cacophony Brotherhood summon childishly brittle brilliant nonsensical joker tangible obloquy parity read controversially plead appease 8. read (a) We barely had time for the menu when the waiter arrived. (b) The lookout could not see the approaching ship because of the fog. (c) The marriage contract is complicated and I will need time for it. 122 Lesson 11
133Word Study 11C: Similar Meanings Choose from the two words provided and use each word only once when completing each sentence. A field must remain empty. abolish / abolish 1. When Mahmood resolved to deal with his stress, his joy began to increase. 2. The United States cannot enter into any treaty without the approval of Congress. 3. The petition calls on the state government to impose the death penalty. 4. The government will waive all restrictions affecting the movement of goods. 5. We usually have lunch when we have an early dinner. 6. Will the bride take her last name and her husband's last name? infini esimal / diminutive 7. I asked for a very large piece of the birthday cake. 8. The planet earth faces the immensity of the universe. 9. A boy of about four years old entered the head nurse's office. fed up 10. The frigid waters of New Oundland were full of cod. 11. You said it was you, but then you ordered the double chocolate sundae. 12. The three bathrooms on the plane were. Parity 13. The price of the substance may be low, but it is bad. 14. The pound sterling and the US dollar were last in the 1970s. 15. For every civilized nation before the law is essential. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
13411D Word Pictures Circle the letter next to the sentence that suggests the vocabulary word in bold. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Joking (a) The audience laughed when the speaker mispronounced the presenter's name. (b) I will be with you on time unless I am late; then I am fifth with you. (c) Did you enjoy your trip? he asked her as I tripped over a loose board. 2. Cacophony (a) The people in the cars screamed as the roller coaster fell down the tracks. (b) The skein was so tangled that we couldn't untangle it. (c) Motorists honked when traffic was getting worse by the minute. 3. Plead (a) Please don't ignore our plight. (b) You will be so glad you did! (c) It has taken us so long to decide that it is already too late. 4. Parity (a) Each side in the contest had the ability to defeat the other. (b) In a utopia, each person would have the same rights as the others. (c) All three clocks struck the time at exactly the same time. 5. temporize (a) The company no longer hires full-time employees. (b) His motto was: Never do today what you can leave for tomorrow. (c) his reasonable words had the desired effect of calming the excited group. cacophony summoned confreres childish ambivalent bright nonsense joke opprobrium tangible equal read polemic imploring demand appease 6. nonsense (a) Each member must attend the assembly. (b) Deep snow made mountain trails impassable. (c) What use is leisure unless you enjoy the way you use it? 7. wayward (a) The ice made ominous moans as we crossed the pond. (b) The crew threatened to mutiny if conditions on board the ship did not improve. (c) Four quarters or two halves make a whole. 8. Controversy (a) The skier flew down the hill with her arms outstretched. (b) The umpire angered the crowd by calling the shortstop out of bounds. (c) He couldn't give me a good reason why I should change my mind. 124 Lesson 11
1359. Clap of Thunder (a) How dare they set foot on my land, having been warned to stay away! (b) With just a little extra effort you can do it; I know you can! c) Be careful! 10. Childish (a) Rosemary and her sister were inseparable. (b) Josiah used to call his parents every week to see how they were doing. (c) You finished the letter, your beloved daughter Myra. 11E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. Women's Day The pivotal thirty-sixth state of Tennessee in the summer of 1920 brought victory or defeat for women suffragists and their supporters. After failed attempts in 1878 and 1914, and after such outrages as the Oregon Senator's prediction that women's suffrage would make every home hell, the United States Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment in 1918. Thirty-five states followed suit. They have ratified, and now the matter had reached the legislature of Tennessee, the thirty-sixth state whose vote would decide the suffrage movement. A yes vote in Tennessee would make women's suffrage state law; a tie or no vote would almost certainly invalidate ratifications already passed, as most of the remaining states were strongly opposed to granting women the right to vote. Furthermore, a negative response from Tennessee would likely erode support in the relatively few hesitant states. Tensions gripped the state capital several weeks before the meeting. National suffragettes like Carrie Chapman Catt came to advance the cause of women. The factions fought what became known as the War of the Roses, a reference to the yellow roses displayed by supporters of women's suffrage and the red ones worn by their opponents. Tennessee's own legislature was evenly divided, its members becoming increasingly recalcitrant, pressured not only by vocal debaters but also by the sweltering heat of the southern summer. On August 18, throngs of women in large floppy hats and ankle-length skirts defied the opprobrium of the men who filled the halls of the chamber and the public gallery for roll call. Among the legislators, Harry Burn, a twenty-four-year-old freshman, was feeling particularly stressed. His personal philosophy clashed with political reality; Although he believed in women's suffrage, he wore a red rose in his lapel. He knew that otherwise he would jeopardize his re-election chances. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
136Cacophony brethren called childishly jubilant rowdies jokingly vapid offensive equals tangibles read through controversial pleas at times Struggling with his internal conflict, he voted twice to delay the matter until after the November election. However, such a pace resulted in only two ties, keeping the issue in focus before the legislature. The tension in the room was palpable as roll call began. With the suffragettes in mind was Febb Ensminger Burn, the mother of Harry Burn. She could not be there in person because her domestic duties in her home required her to take care of her family's farm. When Harry Burns' name was called, silence fell over the chamber. Then came the determined answer from him: Yes! There was a cacophony of mixed shouts of shock and joy, cheers and jeers, applause and whistles, for the result was now evident. Speaking of his surprise move later, Mr Burn explained that just before the vote he had read a letter recently sent by his mother, a woman who was appalled by the denial of legal equality with men who were allowed to right to vote on matters affecting her. country, while she was denied. Her message was, in part, dear son, hooray and vote for the right to vote! Do not leave them in doubt. I realize some of the speeches against. They were bitter. I've been watching you to see how you're standing there, but I haven't noticed anything yet. Don't forget to be a good boy and help Mrs. Catt ratify. Signed, your mother. In a show of childlike respect, Burn said: "He knew that following a mother's advice is always the safest thing to do for her child. He also admitted that he believed in full suffrage and appreciated the fact that an opportunity like this rarely came his way. provides mortal man.When the Secretary of State passed the Nineteenth Amendment in a private meeting to which no women were invited, he said in a forced attempt at joking: I tell the women of America they can fire if they're willing , a wry hint at the dire predictions of the political upheaval an increase in the electorate would bring. Yet the republic did not fall. What emerged were women's rights, which were called for as early as 1776 in Abigail's plea Adams to her husband John, when the future second president was in Philadelphia with his brothers to witness the birth of the nation, she had written: In the new legal code you will probably have to write I want you to remember the ladies. As for Harry Burn, his daring choice not only earned him a place in the history books, it also cost him nothing politically. In the November election, gracious Mouse Creek voters returned him to the Tennessee legislature for another term. He answers each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. Give an example of the passage of controversies raised in the Senate of the United States. 126 Lesson 11
1372. Why did most of the Oregon Senator's confreres clearly disagree with him? 3. How does the passage show that the tempers of the Tennessee legislature stirred? 4. Explain why Timer would be a misnomer for Harry Burns' mother. 5. How did Harry Burn voters contribute to his internal conflict? 6. What would have been the result if Tennessee had not ratified the Nineteenth Amendment? 7. What was Harry Burn doing just before the vote? 8. What emotion did Mrs. Burn appeal to in her plea to her son? 9. What effect did Harry Burn's vote have on opponents of women's suffrage? 10. How does the passage convey the atmosphere in the Tennessee legislature when the crucial vote took place? 11. Which sentence in the passage gives a good picture of the moments after the Burn vote? 12. How did the legislature express its anger at the outcome of the vote? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
13813. What mock attitude is expressed in the phrase, I tell the women of America, you can shoot if you're ready? Fun & Fascination FACTS Fulminate is formed from the Latin verb fulmhey inare, which means "to strike with lightning". When Jupiter, king of the Roman gods, was enraged, he would shoot lightning bolts at anyone who angered him. In the modern world, people who rant have to limit themselves to hurling insults or verbal threats. Mercury fulminate is a modern and more literal application of the term; It is a chemical mixture that, under the right conditions, explodes with a flash similar to that of a lightning bolt. cacophony summoned confreres childish brittle brilliant joking nonsense abusive tangible parity read controversial begging sometimes 128 Lesson 11
13911 Vocabulary expansion Read through verb Read something, often carefully, but sometimes casually. Cal's father slowly flips through the newspaper every Sunday in his favorite chair. Academic Context After writing a research paper, he should always check for factual or grammatical errors. Before submitting a test, it's a good idea to review it to make sure all questions have been answered. Word Parts The Latin prefix per- means complete, and the root use means to use. So to read literally means to use thoroughly. Can you think of other words with the prefix per- or the use of the root? Discussion and Writing Prompt Explain the process you like to use when researching for a project. What resources do you use? How do you read them? 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Book of the wise men of the world 3000.
140Lesson 12 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. inform ә pr īz v. raise awareness inform Malia informed her employer of her intention to leave at the end of the year. She lets her partner know about two random things she's been thinking about recently. beatifi bē ә ti fik convincing kō jәn t slang kä lә k wē adj. Characterized by a cheerful appearance; happy. The happy facial expression of a child at play is captured in this series of photos. adj. Insistent, to the point and convincing. The reporter's persuasive argument convinced the editor to give her the job. n.A conversation or dialogue, especially on a serious subject. When our conversation turned contentious, we decided to take a break. Have a conversation with your partner about world hunger. depravar di prāv discrete di skrēt v. morally corrupt; humiliate. Absolute power so corrupted the Roman emperor Caligula that he committed unimaginable atrocities. depravity adj. Not connected to other parts; separate and clear. Sand is made up of small, discrete rock particles. In 30 seconds, brainstorm with your partner about as many individual parts of speech as you can. effa e i f.s explain i l.o sә d. television 1. To eliminate clear evidence; delete or erase Time over time had partially erased the mural. 2. Make yourself go unnoticed. One actor hoped that the other actors would eliminate themselves so that he could be the star of the show. v. To clarify by explanation; to clarify. The teacher explained Bohr's theory so well that the structure of the atom became quite clear to the class. Ask your partner to explain their vision for technology in the future. Hell in f r n tearful la krmos n An intense fire; Hell or a place of destruction and great suffering indicative of Hell. Minutes after the fire started, the factory was a raging hell. hellish adj. tearful; they tend to evoke tears; melancholic. Due to its tearful tone, I was only able to read the first chapter of the novel. 130 Lesson 12
141morbid môr bed adj. 1. Characterized by gloomy or unhealthy thoughts. Reading my grandmother's obituary page every day showed not morbid curiosity but concern for her neighbors. 2. Affected by or caused by disease. Removal of diseased liver tissue from her cured the patient. Talk to your partner about what you do to get out of the morbid mood. omniscient äm ni shәn t adj. Aware of everything that is happening; Everybody knows. Professor Wu doesn't claim to be omniscient, but she knows a lot about almost everything. Omniscience f Ask her partner if she believes that mothers are somewhat omniscient. palliative pa lē ā tiv supernatural prē tәr na chә rәl healthy sal yә t er ē adj. It serves to make it less painful or severe. The hospice program provides palliative care for the critically ill. palliative s.adj. Beyond the normal or natural; cannot be explained or understood. Either he possesses supernatural powers that allow him to bend spoons without touching them, or he is a charlatan. adj. 1. Promote a beneficial effect. The thought of losing phone privileges helped motivate Jamila to do her homework. 2. Healthy. The use of sunscreen has a healing effect on the skin. Discuss with your partner whether spending a lot of money would have a beneficial effect on your job performance. 12A Determine the exact meaning Choose the most accurate paraphrase for each sentence. 1. The three departments of the new company will be discrete. (a) The three departments of the new company will be kept secret. (b) The three departments of the new company will be separated from each other. 2. We could see that she was getting more and more kinky. (a) We could see that she was becoming more and more obsessed with unpleasant thoughts. (b) We could see her increasing efforts to stay healthy. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
1423. Losing the championship was painful at the time, but he eventually healed. (a) Losing the championship, while painful at the time, was very rewarding in the end. (b) The loss of the championship, although painful at the time, was in the end something from which a lot could be learned. 4. Alexia informed me of her intention to run for the school board. (a) Alexia informed me of her intention to run for the school board. (b) Alexia lied to me about her intention to run for school board. 5. Juana deleted the offensive words before her. (a) Juana eliminated the offensive words before using the . (b) Joan underlined the offending words before sending out the increasingly all-knowing AI. (a) Artificial intelligence is becoming more unpredictable. (b) Artificial intelligence is becoming more aware of everything. 7. The movie portrays some of the depravities of war. (a) The film shows some of the uplifting moments of the war. (b) The film portrays some of the unspeakable horrors of war. 8. The witness became more and more tearful as the interrogation progressed. (a) The witness became more and more tearful as the questioning continued. (b) The witness became more belligerent as the cross-examination progressed. 9. The teacher explained the theory behind climate change. (a) The teacher explained the theory behind climate change. (b) The professor made fun of the theory behind climate change. report blissful captivating conversation spoil discreet obliteration illuminate hell tearful morbid omniscient palliative supernatural healthy 10. Stella gave me a blissful smile as I greeted her. (a) Stella gave me a sad smile when I greeted her. (b) Stella gave me a happy smile when I greeted her. 11. The teacher enjoyed the conversation she had with her former students. (a) The teacher enjoyed the meal she had with her former students. (b) The teacher enjoyed the conversation she had with her former students. 12. My doctor suggested a remedy with a palliative effect. (a) My doctor suggested a drug with sleep-inducing effects. (b) My doctor has recommended a medication that relieves pain. 13. Hell was raised by a gang of arsonists. (a) The fire was started by a gang of arsonists. (b) The diversion was caused by a gang of arsonists. 132 Lesson 12
14314. Your mental powers are supernatural. (a) Your mental powers are beyond normal. (b) His mental powers are almost certainly wrong. 15. Even the lawyer's convincing defense failed to convince the judge. (a) Even the lawyer's clumsy defense failed to convince the judge. (b) Even the lawyer's skillfully argued defense failed to convince the judge. 12B Understanding relationships between words Circle the letter next to each correct answer. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. What word or words refer to happiness? (a) morbid (b) joyful (c) ecstatic (d) exhilarating 2. What word or words are associated with evil? (a) embarrassing (b) palpable (c) depraved (d) persuasive 3. To which word or words are they separately and clearly related? (a) jokingly (b) double (c) supernatural (d) discreet 4. What word or words are associated with erasing? (a) apportion (b) erase (c) inform (d) erase 5. What word or words are related to explain? (a) interpret (b) explain (c) read (d) erase SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise Book 3000
1446. What word or words refer to fire? (a) furniture (b) hell (c) conflagration (d) relief 7. What word or words are associated with healthy? (a) wholesome (b) childish (c) extensive (d) conversation 8. What word or words are associated with mysterious? (a) joke (b) healing (c) esoteric (d) supernatural 9. What word or words are related to medicine? (a) phobia (b) morbid (c) therapeutic (d) omniscient instruct stimulating persuasive spoil conversation spoil discreet annihilate enlighten hell weeping morbid omniscient palliative supernatural healing 10. What word or words are associated with sad? (a) despondent (b) happy (c) demoralized (d) tearful 134 Lesson 12
145Word Study 12C: Parts of Speech Turn each of the adjectives into nouns by changing or omitting the suffix or adding the correct one. Write the word in the space provided. Adjective Noun 1. stubborn 2. prescient 3. utopian 4. iconoclastic 5. penniless Make each of the verbs a noun by changing or omitting the suffix or adding the correct one. Write the word in the space provided. verb noun 6. exacrify 7. misinterpret 8. surrender 9. deprave 10. provide Turn each of the nouns into adjectives by changing or omitting the suffix or adding the correct one. Write the word in the space provided. noun adjective 11. obstinacy 12. lethargy 13. pattern 14. nihilism 15. quintessence SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book
14612D Understanding Contextual Meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. teach beatific compelling talk spoil discreet erase illuminate hell tearful morbid omniscient palliative supernatural healthy 1. The author promised to be discreet when writing about my past. 2. Neighborhood volunteers removed the graffiti. 3. I could feel the palliative effect almost immediately. 4. The house was appraised at $120, Sherlock Holmes explained the clues that led him to the conclusion. 6. Happy expressions are the norm at baby showers. 7. The applicant has given convincing answers to all of our questions. 8. Sookie is an omniscient reader and spends hours in the library. 9. She kept the morbid thoughts of her to himself. 10. The conversation passed and we all served ourselves. 136 Lesson 12
14712E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. About death and dying, death and dying, terrifying words indeed. According to Swiss-born psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, they don't have to be. For her, there was nothing morbid about the subject when the experience involved support, compassion, love, and palliative care, and she actually saw death as the final stage of human growth. What at first might appear to be a radical position was actually a peaceful attitude achieved after many experiences with death in its most gruesome forms. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross was thirteen years old in 1939 when Nazi Germany, in a deranged attempt to conquer the world, plunged Europe into the hell of World War II. After the war, as a volunteer with the International Voluntary Service for Peace, she helped survivors in Poland rebuild their war-torn lives. Here she was confronted with the terrifying scope of Nazi depravity while visiting the Majdanek concentration camp. The mountain of little shoes that the children left behind before being taken to the gas chambers and the drawings of butterflies that they had scratched on the walls of the huts were images that she could never erase from her memory. At the age of nineteen, Kübler-Ross had witnessed horrifying deaths in her supernatural form, and the experience was indelibly etched in her memory. After returning to Switzerland and studying medicine, Dr. Kübler-Ross went to New York in 1958 as a fellow in psychiatry. In the United States, he made the disturbing discovery that terminally ill patients were routinely admitted to hospitals, where they were often fed through tubes, attached to life support systems, stripped of their dignity, and endured with great pain. Many doctors, often adopting an Olympian omniscience, never considered that a patient would prefer to be left alone to die in peace as comfortably as possible. Doctors saw death as the enemy and the loss of a patient was a great defeat. There was a fight to be fought at every step, a battle to be won, an enemy to be defeated. The American way of dying was very different from what Kübler-Ross knew as a family doctor in Switzerland, where she had cared for terminally ill patients in her own homes. Far from tearful, the death scenes on these occasions were one of quiet dignity and serene acceptance by both the dying and their loved ones. While at the University of Chicago in the late 1960s, Dr. Kübler-Ross worked to change the entrenched American attitude toward death. She conducted a series of talks with terminal cancer patients for groups of medical students and involved clergy in her seminars. From these encounters, he was able to observe and then elaborate on the diversity and complexity of people's reactions when they realize that they have a short time to live. She identified five discrete books SSI Wordly Wise 3000 DO NOT DUPLICATE
148stages. First comes denial: this can't happen to me. Then comes the anger: why me? What did I do to deserve this? Then comes bargaining with God or with yourself: let me live until my daughter's wedding, then I won't be angry with my children again. The fourth stage is depression: I no longer want to worry about my appearance, nothing matters anymore. Finally acceptance: I would never have believed that I could find the strength to face it with such serenity. In 1969, Dr. Kübler-Ross convincingly illuminated these ideas in her book On Death and Extinction, which quickly became a bestseller. Although many professionals maintain that Dr. Kübler-Ross oversimplified the multifaceted dimensions of death, its impact and acceptance by the American medical profession in the treatment of the terminally ill was both dramatic and salutary. She led the establishment of the first hospices in the United States, institutions that serve the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of the dying and their families. Today there are more than 6,000 hospice programs in the United States. In August 2004, Kübler-Ross completed the last of more than twenty books, On Grief and Grieving. She had written it while she was suffering from the debilitating effects of multiple debilitating strokes, and she knew that her own death was imminent. She put the finishing touches on the book and set it aside, satisfied that it was complete. Then, and only then, did she die, surrounded by friends and, as one of them said, with a happy expression on her face. Upon hearing the news of her death, other friends recalled an interview she gave Kübler-Ross in 1995, in which she recounted her visit to the Nazi death camp in Poland when she was 19 years old. She said that without Majdanek she would never have put me to work on death and dying; All the hospices came from this concentration camp. inform blessed convincing talk spoil discreet erase illuminate hell weeping morbid omniscient palliative supernatural healthy Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. Who in the passage is best illustrated by the word corrupted? 2. How do you know that the supernatural acts of the Nazis left an indelible impression on Elisabeth Kübler-Ross? 3. Was Kübler-Ross tearful as she contemplated her own death? Explain your answer 138 Lesson 12
1494. How did Kübler-Ross discover that doctors in the United States act differently than doctors in Europe when it comes to caring for terminally ill patients? 5. How might Chicago cancer patients explain their feelings about Kübler-Ross? 6. Why is the word discrete applicable to the Kübler-Ross model of the dimensions of dying? 7. How does Kübler-Ross's book On Death and Dying demonstrate your keen cognitive abilities? 8. What effect did Kübler-Ross's book have on medical practice in the United States? 9. Why is palliative care the only treatment for the terminally ill? 10. How did Kübler-Ross demonstrate that she was not invaded by morbid thoughts as her own death approached? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
150Fun & Fascination FACTS Discretion means showing prudence and self-control in what you say or do. To be discrete means to be made up of separate and distinct parts. Although these two words have very different meanings, they share a common root. Both derive from the Latin discernere, to separate or perceive differences. Keep in mind that a discreet person can tell the difference between what is allowed to be said or done and what is not. The Latin word for light is lux, and several English words share this root. A translucent material is one that allows light to pass through. A luminous object is one that emits light. A clear explanation is one that clarifies what was previously hidden. A Lucifer is an early type of Friction Match. And to clarify a subject is to illuminate it by explaining it. The Latin prefix omni- means everything and occurs in several English words. Bus is a shortened form of omnibus, which is a Latin word for all. A bus was not a private vehicle, but it was available to anyone who wanted to use it. An omnivorous animal is one that eats all kinds of food. An omnipotent being is one who is omnipotent. Something omnipresent is present everywhere. And to be omniscient is to be omniscient. report blissful convincing conversation spoil discreet obliteration illuminate hell weeping morbid omniscient palliative supernatural healthy 140 lesson 12
15112 Vocabulary Expansion discrete noun Not connected to other parts; separate and clear. Salt is a natural mineral made up of small and discrete white crystals. Academic Context A discrete selection of science subjects is offered in secondary school, including subjects such as biology, chemistry, and physics. The scientific method requires scientists to follow a series of discrete steps to prove a theory. Discussion and Invitation to Write Writing computer code is a process that involves a series of discrete steps. Identify another process that requires the completion of a series of discrete tasks and briefly describe those steps to the best of your ability. 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Book of the wise men of the world 3000.
152Lessons 9 12 Review Crossword Solve the crossword by studying the clues and filling in the answer boxes. The number after a clue is the lesson from which the word in Clues Across comes from 1. An argument to refute someone else's opinion (11) 4. Easy to touch, see or feel (11) 9. Disturbing and clearly expressed convincingly (12) 10 Given or characterized by joking (11) 12. An activity in which a person excels (10) 13. With a serrated edge (9) 16. Luxuriously extravagant (10) 20. Know-it-all (12) 21 .. Someone with good taste in food and drink (9) 24. An island in the Mediterranean 25. Acting evasively to buy time (11) 27. The Congress of Honor 28. Absolution of alleged guilt (9) 29. Summons; call or gather (11) clues down 1. read carefully or examine (11) 2. cry or make cry (12) 3. a rowing boat 5. relevant; apt (9) 6. Turned to the side or crooked (10) 7. All university graduates 8. From, on or near the back (9) 11. The capital of Norway 14. Separate and different (12) 15. From, to, from, or to the side (9) 17. A statement or statement (10) 18. A burning place (12) 19. A meal taken outdoors 22. Abundance 23. Clear evidence of (12) 26. Used in Hockey 142 lesson rating 9 12
153Lesson 13 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. adjoin ә but conjure ә joor v. be next to; adjoin. Since your neighbor's property borders yours, you must give your approval before making these structural changes. v. 1. To solemnly command. The judge urged the jury to examine the evidence very carefully. 2. Honest advice. The college advisor implored the student to submit his original essay as part of his college application. Discuss with your partner when it might be necessary to summon a child. descry di skrī v. Seeing a distant object after looking closely; recognize or discover. Using a telescope that he built in 1609, Galileo was able to decipher Saturn's rings. With your partner, he tries to spot something in the classroom that you have never noticed before. profane de si krāt dilettante di lә tän t ambiguous i kwi vә kәl v. Abuse or hurt something sacred. Graffiti on the steps of the cathedral desecrated the old building. desecration no. no. Person with interest and superficial knowledge in an art or another field of knowledge. She claims to be just a hobbyist in writing poetry, but her work is pretty good. adj. 1. Having more than one meaning or interpretation, generally intended to confuse. There are many ways to interpret the ambiguous final stanza of the poem. 2. Insecure or indecisive. The candidate's ambiguous position on this issue outraged both parties. ambiguous v. Speaking in a way that intentionally obscures one's position. Talk to your partner about an issue on which you have an ambiguous position. exhume ig z.om v. 1. Digging into the ground. In the early 20th century, archaeologists unearthed artifacts from c.1300 B.C. He built the tomb of the pharaoh. 2. To recover from negligence; to revive. The band has dug up some old English music hall songs to delight modern audiences. Talk to your partner about where to look if you want to dig up a long-lost treasure. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
154extirpar ek stur pāt foible fōi bәl insolvent in säl vәn t v. To completely destroy; erase. Entire species unknown to us are being wiped out by the destruction of the world's rainforests. no. A slight flaw or weakness in a person's character. Ava's occasional short temper was a weakness compared to her usual generous spirit. adj. No funds to pay what is owed; She broke. Her age was the alleged reason for her resignation, but the truth is that her company is now insolvent. She discusses ways with her partner to avoid bankruptcy. jocose jō kōs portal pōr tl progenitor prō je nә tәr propitiate prō pi shē āt adj. given to joke; humorous and playful. Ms. Patel's playful manner in the classroom did not interfere with her skillful teaching. S. A door or entrance, particularly large and imposing. The Boston Public Library portal was carved by Daniel Chester French. S. A direct ancestor. The Anasazi were the ancestors of the Hopi Indians. v. To overcome suspicion or hostility; to calm. The Aztecs believed that they appeased their gods with human sacrifices. Tell your partner how to calm down a toddler who is having a tantrum. Repair is reimbursement for what has been lost or damaged. Investors in the bankrupt company eagerly sought redress from the organizers. Talk to your partner about something you think the government should compensate you for. 13A Understanding meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. 1. A joker is someone who likes to amuse people by telling jokes. 2. A weakness is a short story that has a moral. 144 Lesson 13
1553. An insolvent company has debts that it cannot pay. 4. An ancestor is a person from whom someone is descended. 5. To exhume something is to assume that it is a fact. 6. To eradicate something is to speed it up. 7. Residential lots that are contiguous and share a common boundary. 8. To desecrate a monument is to treat it with disrespect. 9. The repair is the repair of the damage. 10. A dilettante is a young woman who makes her entry into society. 11. To despise something means to speak strongly against it. 12. An ambiguous statement is one that is uncertain. 13. To appease someone is to turn that person's anger into goodwill. 14. To summon someone is to give him permission to go. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
15615. A portal is a small opening in the side of a ship to let light through. 13B Word Usage If the word in bold (or a form of the word) fits into a sentence from the following group, write it in the blank space. If the word does not match, leave the field blank. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Portal (a) A swinging free ride. (b) The cut in the gate allowed the entrance of cats and the temple was flanked on either side by carved stone lions. (c) Aircraft passengers are requested to disembark at the rear. 2. exhume (a) relatives are planning, (b) we can't (c) Fido loves it, 3. provide (a) all the houses on this street to bury the poet's remains in his native Italy. that the other factions join our coalition. he buried his bones in the garden. long pond. (b) In the community garden, one person's plot of land to plant another adjoining conjure decode hobbyist ambiguous exhume exhume bankrupt jerk portal prank progenitor promote restitution (c) Adams and Adamson names on class register. 4. Compensation (a) I have offered to compensate for damages I accidentally caused to the terrace. (b) The accession to the throne of Carlos II took place in (c) We offered a considerable sum to the person who found our lost dog. 5. Eradicate (a) Please replace the word anaconda and with anconia. (b) The Romans destroyed the city of Carthage and its citizens. (c) French revolutionaries were destined for the nobility. 146 Lesson 13
1576. appease (a) This seemed like a summer job. (b) Hoshi for him excessively successful. (c) Baking soda and water Time to bring up the subject of a raise in my todd apologizing for talking about your upset stomach like that. 7. Consider (a) I would not be interested in seeing this movie. (b) As the ship approached the island, the crew could not see any signs of life. (c) I did not come up with any new ideas in the class lecture. 8. Swear (a) The work was hard, but we soon converted (b) If you take the oath, you're in. tell the truth. c) When they left the room, the judge refrained from commenting on the case. Lawyers 13C Word Study: Word Parts Complete each sentence. Then write a short definition of the word. The number after each sentence is the lesson the word came from. 1. The prefix omni- means everything. It combines with the Latin scire (to know) to the English word (12). Definition: 2. The prefix ex- means without. It is combined with the Latin culpa (blame) to the English word (9). Definition: 3. The Latin hetero (different) is combined with the Greek genos (kind) to form the English word (9). Definition: 4. The prefix apo- means change. Combines with the Greek theos (god) to the English word (10). Definition: DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise Book 3000
1585. The Latin vivus (to live) is combined with the Latin parere (to give birth) to the English word (9). Definition: 6. The prefix peri means around. Together with the Latin pateticus (to walk) it forms the English word (10). Definition: 7. The prefix ob means against. It combines with the Latin loqui (to speak) to the English word (11). Definition: 8. The prefix equi means equal. It combines with the Latin voc or vox (voice) to the English word (13). Definition: 9. The prefix ex- means outside. It combines with the Latin stirp (root) of the English word (13). Definition: 10. The prefix col- means together. It combines with the Latin loqui (to speak) to the English word (12). Definition: adjoin adjure spot profane amateur ambiguous exhume exterminate insane joke portal ancestors propitiate repair 148 lesson 13
15913D Word Pictures Circle the letter next to the sentence that suggests the word in bold. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Hobbyist Freddie tends to be late, so he is often late. (b) My prom date looked so handsome in his tuxedo. (c) Woodworking is not intended for skilled craftsmen. 2. descry (a) Looking at the photos of the famine victims was very disturbing. (b) The two shades of red were similar, but one was slightly paler than the other. (c) The crowd cheered as the first sail appeared. 3. Parent According to my family tree, I am the descendant of a Pilgrim on the Mayflower. (b) Queen Victoria is the great-great-grandmother of Queen Elizabeth II (c) According to the theory of evolution, humans and apes share a common ancestor. 4. insolvent (a) These salts remain in suspension and do not dissolve in water. (b) Management admitted that the company could not pay its debts. (c) Not even Sherlock Holmes would be able to solve this riddle! 5. ambiguous (a) I could go, but then my friends think I should stay. (b) Julio paused for a minute and then replied: Well, yes and no. (c) At that time the dollar was worth around twelve pesos. 6. Restitution (a) The image was slightly damaged by the flood, but was easily repaired. (b) Ms. Sahakian made a generous contribution to a fund that helped the homeless. (c) At this point, the family has no money. 7. Toast (a) The island is connected to the mainland by a kilometer-long bridge. (b) This lot is right at the city limits. (c) In the dance, the partners stretched out their hands until they touched. 8. Desecrate (a) Vandals had toppled tombstones in the cemetery. (b) The police caught the person who cut the tires on my car. (c) Citizens were horrified at the idea of building a shopping center on a Civil War battlefield. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
1609. jocose (a) Uncle Otis could find humor in any situation. (b) I found it difficult not to laugh at my own mistake. (c) The Ruiz family agreed that their trip to Disneyland was amazing. 10. Weakness (a) I was so excited to try this recipe but the actual experience turned into a disaster. (b) I don't know whether to believe him because sometimes he exaggerates the truth. (c) A weak ankle prevented Nazneen from participating in gymnastics. 13E Vocabulary in Context Read the passage. Fix the broken circle, conjure, decipher, amateur, ambiguous exhume, insane, insolvent, joke, portal, progenitor, plead for restitution. In 1989, an act of Congress established the National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI) as the fifteenth member museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Clear guidelines were prescribed. For one thing, the law required the museum to return all human remains in its current collections to the tribes from which they were taken, along with sacred and ceremonial objects necessary for the revival of Native American religions. Many Native Americans believed that returning items helped appease spirits that had been hurt by the desecration of treasures. In addition, the law required that two-thirds of the NMAI's top managers be Native American. It was also determined that the last vacant spot on The Mall in Washington, D.C., next to the National Air and Space Museum, would be reserved as the site for the nation's main NMAI base. At a third location in Maryland, a resource center would house most of the museum's art and cultural artifacts. The first branch of the NMAI was the George Gustave Heye Center, a museum dedicated exclusively to Native Americans. Opened by the Smithsonian in New York in October 1994, it opened a new chapter in the long and turbulent history of relations between Native Americans and the Europeans who colonized the Americas to form the United States. The location in Lower Manhattan was suitable; In 1624, near this location, members of the Lenape nation saw the Dutch ships that brought the first white settlers to their shores. Today, centuries later, the portals of the old Customs House (now the Heye Center) lead to exhibits and educational programs that reflect the diversity of Native American peoples. New York's NMAI is named for George Gustave Heye, the man who made the NMAI possible. Collecting Native American items became an obsession for this wealthy banker. For more than fifty years, until his death, he combed America from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego. A member of New England Abenaki 150 Lesson 13
161Stamm once jokingly commented after a visit from Heye: We were lucky to keep our underwear on. When he died in 1957, Heye had amassed over a million items. They range from artifacts like weather-worn clothing and blankets to objets d'art like masks, stone and wood carvings, and gold work. Despite his longstanding relationship with them, many say Heye's relationship with Native American cultures has never been more than that of an amateur collector. Tucked away in a Bronx warehouse, this vast hoard collected dust until the early 1980s, when the foundation Heye created to oversee it went bankrupt and the trustees turned the entire collection over to the Smithsonian, whose staff worked hours exhuming the myriad artifacts. . Linda Poolaw, who was the Grand Chief of the Delaware Nation when the New York museum opened, helped select many of the works of art housed in the museum. She described the opening of the museum as the partial reconnection of a broken circle. John Colonghi was the main fundraiser for the museum. He recalled her Inuit mother telling him that when she was a child attending school on an Alaskan island, she was beaten for speaking her native language. Colonghi saw the NMAI as an attempt to partially redress the United States' efforts to eradicate Native American culture. NMAI founding director Richard West, whose ancestors included Cheyenne and Arapaho, said he was ambiguous about Heye. On the one hand, he stripped Native Americans of much of their heritage to satisfy what was nothing more than a rich man's weakness. On the other hand, if he had not been so tireless in his search for it, such a museum, housing four million cataloged items and ten thousand years of Native American heritage, might not exist today. He answers each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. Provide a probable reason for the funding of the NMAI by Congress. 2. Why might an ancestor of the Lenape Nation think the site chosen for the New York museum is appropriate? 3. Where did Congress locate the Washington branch of the NMAI? 4. What architectural feature of the old New York Customs House is still part of the museum today? Wordly Wise 3000 Book DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI
1625. Show that Heye knew little about the history of the objects he collected. 6. What motivated the Heye Foundation to donate the collection to the Smithsonian? 7. When Congress required that objects be returned to the tribes from which they were taken, why did many Native Americans think it was a good idea? 8. How did John Colonhi's mother experience the lack of respect for her culture? 9. What is the tone of the comment We were lucky to keep our underwear? Fascinating fun facts conjure conjure conjure layman dilettante ambiguous exhume exhume exterminate insane insolvent joke portal ancestors appease redemption Do not confuse conjuration with insult (Lesson 8). Exploring is spying or discovering with the eye; to denigrate something means to denigrate it. Interestingly, both words derive from the Old French verb descrier, to shout or shout. It could be said that a person who gives an ambiguous answer to a question that requires a yes or a no speaks with two equal voices, one saying yes and the other saying no. The origin of the word indicates so. It is composed of the Latin equi-, which means equal or equal, and vox, which means voice. 152 Lesson 13
16313 vocabulary expansion ambiguous adjective 1. Has more than one meaning or interpretation and is usually intended to confuse. 2. Insecure or indecisive. The sign was ambiguous and difficult to interpret. Word Family ambiguous (adverb) ambiguous (verb) definite (adjective) definite (adverb) Reason for Discussion and Writing Some people like movies with ambiguous endings and others hate them. How do you feel about ambiguous movie endings? To explain. 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Book of the wise men of the world 3000.
164Lesson 14 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. bitter ә s ur bik adj. 1. Of bitter or sour taste. Blueberries are bitter and must be sweetened to make them tasty. 2. Biting or stinging sound; sarcastic. The comedian's biting humor had his audience squirming even as they laughed. Tell your partner if you like humor sharp, find it cruel, or both. canard kә när d debonair de bener deign dān n.An unsubstantiated tale or story, often fabricated for the purpose of deception. The newspaper story, which claimed the athlete was distracted by problems at home, was actually a duck made up by her competitors. adj. Elegant in appearance and charming in manner, British-born American film actor Cary Grant, quiet and sophisticated, was one of the most famous leading actors of all time. v. belittle yourself in your own esteem; condescend In his drama Pygmalion, George Bernard Shaw creates a class character who deigns to interact with those below his social status. Ask your partner if they would deign to go to a party with a younger sibling. dotage dō tij foist fōist s. Mental decline associated with old age. King Lear was of age when he foolishly decided to divide his kingdom among his daughters. v. Forcing something undesirable or unnecessary on a recipient who does not want it. My friend, in good faith, tried to put some of her old clothes on me while she cleaned out her closet. Talk to her partner about whether networks force flashy reality shows on viewers or whether viewers want flashy reality shows. vanish in si pәd adj. 1. Tasteless. Oscar insisted that a recipe without a dash of Tabasco sauce would result in a tasteless soup. 2. Lack of emotion; it is not interesting. I find the exercise so boring that I fall asleep doing it. Tell your partner the three foods that you find most tasteless. misconstrue misconstrue or misconstrue. I'm afraid I mistook his silence for approval and pushed the project forward. n.Excessive self-admiration. The writer's narcissism was evident as he repeatedly referred to his beauty in his memoirs. narcissistic 154 lesson 14
165pretentious ō vәr w ē niŋ adj. 1. Too proud. She took the stage with a commanding attitude that drew polite rather than enthusiastic applause. 2. Lack of moderation; excessive. The exaggerated insecurity of the protagonist was the mistake that led to her tragic life. Discuss with your partner a case in which a parent's feelings toward a child were exaggerated. praise pē әn reply re pә t ē n A hymn of joy, praise, or appreciation. Percy Bysshe Shelley's ode, which begins with Hail to thee, blithe spirit, is a song to the lark. n.Conversation characterized by quick and witty verbal exchanges. The exchange of blows between the rock star and her companion always made concert fans laugh. Tell your partner if you prefer lively repartee or calm, serious discussions between friends. repine ri pin v. To express deep sadness or dissatisfaction; longing for something lost Instead of mourning the loss of Checkers, the children at the shelter found a cat to take his place. Talk to your partner about whether you ever reflect on the end of childhood. sartorial sär tōr ē әl svelte svelt adj. Regarding clothing, particularly custom-made clothing. Ben's usual outfit of T-shirt and jeans expressed his casual attitude to his elegant appearance. adj. Slender and elegant; have smooth lines. Slender ballerinas played the role of swans. 14A Determine the exact meaning Choose the most accurate paraphrase for each sentence. 1. Did you misunderstand what I said? (a) Did you contradict my testimony? (b) Didn't you understand what I said? 2. Have you heard from the duck that the Loch Ness Monster is real? (a) Have you heard the misconception that the Loch Ness Monster is real? (b) Have you heard the official report that the Loch Ness Monster is real? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
1663. We should not worry about what happened. (a) We should not grieve excessively over what has happened. (b) We must not rush into celebrating what has happened. 4. Marcel vehemently denied that he was a narcissist. (a) Marcel vehemently denied being against all forms of government. (b) Marcel vehemently denied that he only cares about himself. 5. His sharp response surprised us all. (a) the surprisingly friendly response from him surprised us all. (b) his bitterly sarcastic response surprised us all. 6. London's Savile Row is the fashion capital of the world. (a) Savile Row in London is the fashion capital of the world. (b) London's Savile Row is the fine dining capital of the world. 7. The quick wit of the comedy duo has been carefully rehearsed. (a) The physical activity of the comic duo was carefully rehearsed. (b) The back and forth dialogue of the comedy duo has been carefully rehearsed. 8. My grandfather was educated even when he was a 90-year-old man. (a) My grandfather was charming even as a ninety-year-old man. (b) My grandfather, even as a ninety year old man, was proudly defiant. 9. The producer rejected the script, saying it was too bland. (a) The producer rejected the script on the grounds that it was unnecessarily too violent. (b) The producer rejected the script on the grounds that it was too exciting. duck sour graceful dignified dotty foist fade misconstrue narcissism overbearing hymn of praise reply repine sartorial slender 10. The overbearing mother gave her daughter a standing ovation after her performance. (a) The elegant mom gave her daughter a standing ovation after her performance. (b) The very proud mother gave her daughter a standing ovation after her performance. 11. The candidate tried to impose his views on an astute electorate. (a) The candidate tried to impose his views on an astute electorate. (b) The candidate was trying to cunningly change his views on a cunning electorate. 12. After almost a month he deigned to respond to my answer. (a) After almost a month he bothered to respond to my answer. (b) After almost a month he decided not to reply to my reply. The slender palm tree swayed gently in the breeze. (a) The young palm tree swayed gently in the wind. (b) The slender palm tree swayed gently in the wind. 156 Lesson 14
16714. Songs in praise of the ruler are routine in dictatorships. (a) Songs in praise of the ruler are routine in dictatorships. (b) Military victories attributed to the ruler are common in dictatorships. 15. Even at her age, my great-aunt commanded respect. (a) Even in her frail old age, my great-aunt commanded respect. (b) Even in her worst moments, my great-aunt commanded respect. 14B Understanding Word Relationships Circle the letter next to each correct answer. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. What word or words are related to bitter? (a) bitter (b) elegant (c) tasteless (d) bitter 2. What word or words are associated with elegant? (a) insolvent (b) in poor taste (c) courteous (d) courteous 3. What word or words refer to age? (a) lend (b) old age (c) decrepitude (d) clothing 4. What word or words have to do with boring? (a) smooth (b) hackneyed (c) bitter (d) witty 5. What word or words refer to clothing? (a) hoax (b) clothing (c) garments (d) dress SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book
1686. What word or words refer to sadness? (a) sorrowful (b) hymn (c) lament (d) tearful 7. What word or words are associated with praise? (a) praise (b) praise (c) duck (d) flattery 8. What word or words refer to body type? (a) bitter (b) jokingly (c) loud (d) thin 9. What word or words are associated with funny conversation? (a) Portal (b) Repartee (c) Chochez (d) Lapse acerbic canard debonair deign deign dotage foist fade misinterprete narcissism haughty pean repartee repine sartorial svelte 10. What word or words are associated with condescension? (a) deplore (b) condescend (c) placate (d) misinterpret 158 Lesson 14
169Word Study 14C: Synonyms and Antonyms Each word group contains two words that are either synonyms or antonyms. circulate them. Then circle S if they are synonyms or A if they are antonyms. 1. smooth slender spicy primitive S A 2. demand delay delay implore implore S A 3. truly palpable cacophonous melodic S A 4. detached convincing discreet discreet S A 5. repress misunderstanding revelry avoid S A 6. overbearing grumpy elegant indifferent S A 7. modest rebellious rebellious narcissistic murderer S A 8 protagonist amateur ancestor ancestor S A 9. disturb calm desecrate exterminate S A 10. condemn condemn observe exhume S A SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book
17014D Understanding Contextual Meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. sour duck elegant dignified dotty foist fashion misunderstanding narcissism arrogant song of praise reply repine sartorial slender 1. The girl mourned the loss of her favorite stuffed animal. 2. A red tide is excessively large algae that suffocates marine life. 3. Mari tried to keep her mind sharp throughout the years to prevent old age. 4. Her tailoring behavior towards her client led to her dismissal. 5. Her duck sang in her cage. 6. Narcissism grows best in shady, well-watered areas. 7. Save the best and leave the rest to your customers. 8. The ceiling was extremely bitter to the touch. 9. The error occurred when the supervisor misinterpreted the instructions. 10. Her Majesty would never dine with the servants. 160 Lesson 14
17114E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. Hepburn from A to Z her introduction to professional theater came in 1928, when she was twenty-one, in a pre-Broadway play called The Big Pond. Confident yet naive, she misinterpreted the other actors' silences after the performance as a wonder of grandeur. It wasn't until the next day that she discovered that her performance had been so mediocre that management had to fire her and the other actors remained silent out of sheer embarrassment. Such a resounding failure could have been a disastrous end to a career, but not for the steadfast Katharine Hepburn, as perseverance was her forte. Sixty-six years, four Best Actress Oscars, and more than fifty films later, Hepburn continued to act with unwavering vigor and enthusiasm. This time, the woman long known as the Queen of Hollywood was the star of One Christmas, a two-hour television special. At eighty-seven, slim as ever in the tailored pants that were her trademark, she still moved with ease and grace despite an artificial right hip. At an age when her peers were expected to be old enough, Hepburn's mind and acting skills were as sharp as ever. For Katharine Hepburn, setbacks were just obstacles to overcome in a checkered stage and film career. And Hepburn didn't hold a grudge. Reviewing the Broadway play The Lake, Dorothy Parker, a critic renowned for her trenchant wit, once wrote: Katharine Hepburn runs the gamut of emotions from A to B. Hepburn later generously commented that Dorothy Parker had reason. In Hollywood, Hepburn took a series of pictures while she was signed to RKO Studios, but she found her roles boring of her, an unbearable circumstance for a Bryn Mawr-educated, independent-minded woman who was not averse to saying what she thought. One notable exception was the last of her RKO films, Bringing Up Baby, in which she played the happy-go-lucky Cary Grant in her usual white tie and tails, which was a perfect foil for the stubborn, headstrong Hepburn; the aftershock between the two stars lit up on the screen. Still, friction between Hepburn and the studio mounted, largely because RKO was forcing even more inappropriate roles on the rising star of hers. Then, in 1937, she bought out her contract for a quarter of a million dollars because she was unwilling to star in any more films that she considered unacceptable. The studio tried to sabotage her career with the duck that Hepburn was box office poison, but the success of The Philadelphia Story, in which she starred on Broadway and co-owned the film rights, gave the classically beautiful woman creative power. intelligence and strong character Independence that she longed for. In 1942, Hepburn made Woman of the Year with Spencer Tracy, the first of nine films in which they appeared together. Their first meeting was memorable. Hepburn, who was wearing heels, was slightly taller than him. I'm afraid I'm a little SSI. DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book
172Very good for you, Mr. Tracy, said Hepburn. Don't worry, Miss Hepburn, Tracy replied. I will reduce you to my size. The relationship, both professional and personal, was described by Hepburn as bliss, and lasted until Tracy's death at Hepburn, who she believed in moving on and was no one to complain about. She once said: When you face tragedy, you must face it with character. She continued her work in film and on stage, thinking of the present instead of delving into the past. When they interviewed her after completing One Christmas, they asked her if she would see it and she said no, and she explained in words that summed up her entire life: I did and now I can't do anything about it. In 1991, Hepburn published her autobiography, Me, which she wrote by hand without the aid of a ghostwriter. Part of the appeal of her was the immediacy of her; the lyrics read as if he were addressing the reader directly in his sizzling New England drawl, each syllable clearly articulated. It won applause from the public, making it an instant bestseller. While her title seemed narcissistic, Hepburn was unapologetically unapologetic. No one had ever accused her of false modesty; On the contrary, she often expressed a level-headed self-assessment, and once said that she was revered more like an ancient building. By her own admission, this complex woman has said that it was her over-enthusiasm about making herself famous, about being a star, that got her into the theater in the first place. Katharine Hepburn died on June 29, 2003 at her home in Old Saybrook, Connecticut; she was ninety-six. She answers each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. bitter hoax elegant dignity dotage foist fashion misunderstanding narcissism arrogant pean retort repine sartorial slim 1. How did narcissism create a misunderstanding early in Katharine Hepburn's career? 2. What explains Hepburn's success? 3. Where in the passage is there evidence of Hepburn's high standards? 4. Why can Dorothy Parker's comment about Hepburn be called bitter? 5. In what way has RKO damaged Hepburn's sense of independence? 162 Lesson 14
1736. What do Cary Grant's white tie and tails and Hepburn's pants have in common? 7. If Hepburn and Grant sparkled on screen, what would be the likely reaction from movie critics and audiences? 8. Why would Hepburn in her 80's have worn the same pants she wore in her 40's? 9. How would you describe Hepburn and Spencer Tracy's first meeting? 10. If Hepburn had mourned Tracy's death, how would her career have been affected? 11. What would be an appropriate response to a report that Hepburn was in her eighties? Fun and Fascinating FACTS A duck is a false and intentionally misleading story circulated to deceive others. The term probably derives from the French word canard, duck. There is a saying in France, vendre un canard à moitié, which can be translated as half selling a duck, meaning not selling it at all! This expression is a French idiom for deceit; he makes smart money from the sale of the duck, but still retains ownership of it. A narcissistic person is a person who shows excessive self-esteem and self-love. The term goes back to the Greek myth of Narcissus, a young man who saw his reflection in a pool of water and quickly fell in love with himself. The unfortunate young man was languishing and was on the verge of death when the gods took pity on him and turned him into the flower that bears his name. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
17414 vocabulary expansion repine verb To feel or express deep sadness or dissatisfaction; longing for something lost The girl cried for her lost dog. Word parts The prefix re- means again, and the Old English word pinian means to suffer. So repine literally means to suffer again. Topic for Discussion and Writing Darnel chose to look to her future instead of lamenting the things she had lost. Write a paragraph of a story you are writing about Darnel. What has she lost and what does she expect? 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. 164 Lesson 14
175Lesson 15 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. Anachronism ә nak rә ni zәm no. 1. The placing of a person or thing out of its proper historical place. In a 1922 play, a television on the stage would be an anachronism. 2. A person or thing that is, or appears to be, outside of its own time in history. The personal computer has made an anachronism of the typewriter. With your partner, think of a funny anachronism, like George Washington using a cell phone. Apiary ā pē er ē archetype är ki tīp n A place where bees are kept for their honey. Beekeepers wear special protective clothing when visiting the apiary. N. 1. The original model from which others are manufactured or developed. Ford's Model T was the epitome of production automobiles. 2. Patterns of myths and rituals recurring over time in different cultures. In his critically acclaimed book The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Joseph Campbell traces the archetype of the hero across cultures and centuries to the present day. In addition to the hero, another archetype in the stories is the mentor. Talk to your partner about other character archetypes. Carcinogen kär si nә jәn kariant che kәr d cornucopia kôr nә kō pē ә n. A substance that causes cancer. Research has clearly shown the presence of carcinogens in tobacco products. carcinogenic adj. Characterized by frequent changes of situation; full of ups and downs He's had an eventful business career, but his credo is: when the going gets tough, the tough start. N. 1. A cuerno de chivo or similarly shaped straw container filled with harvest produce; a cornucopia. Thanksgiving greeting cards often feature cornucopia images as table decorations. 2. A large supply of something; an abundance. The Modern Library series offers a cornucopia of literary classics. Tell your partner a few places nearby that have a variety of items for sale. returns di välv equitable and kw t bel v. Pass or be passed. When President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, the presidential duties passed to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. adj. Fair for everyone involved. The teacher contract is not signed until its terms appear reasonable to all parties. Discuss with your partner a way to make your school more equitable for all students. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
176requirements ek sә jәn sēz fatalism fā tәl i zәm n.pl. Requirements; Requirement. The demands of a faltering economy demand action from government leaders. n.The belief that fate determines everything and one cannot influence the outcome of certain events. Whatever it is, it will be is an expression of fatalism. fatalistic Let your partner know if you are fatalistic or if you believe that you can control your destiny with your actions. gustatory g s t t ōr ē adj. It refers to the sense of taste. The chocolate cake in the display case was a real treat, both visually and in terms of taste. Ask your partner which taste experience they like best, sweet, salty, sour or bitter. minutiae mә n ōo she ә kunterbunt mät lē prospectus prә spek tәs n.pl. Small details. Stop focusing on the little things and try to see the big picture! adj. Consisting of many different types or types; diverse. The band members were a motley crew who expressed their taste in fashion in diverse and unconventional ways. no. A printed statement given to prospective buyers that describes a business or investment opportunity. The mutual fund prospectus tells investors about the stocks you have selected. Let your partner know what advice you would seek when considering a prospect. vernal vurnl adj. Of or relative to the source. The vernal equinox occurs around March 21 and marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere. 15A Understanding meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. 1. A cornucopia is a horn overflowing with fruits, grains, and flowers. 2. An apiary is a place where birds are housed. 166 Lesson 15
1773. A bumpy life is marked by big swings in wealth. 4. A prospect is a vision. 5. A spring festival is one that celebrates the harvest. 6. Minutiae are very short time intervals. 7. An anachronism is something out of its proper chronological order. 8. A motley collection is messy and messy. 9. Conferring authority means delegating it to another person. 10. The requirements are emergency exits. 11. An archetype is a perfect example of a certain type. 12. A taste bud is a surprise. 13. Carcinogenic compounds are substances that cause cancer. 14. Fatalism is death caused by accident or disaster. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
17815. A fair settlement is a fair settlement for all concerned. 15B Word Usage If the word in bold (or a form of the word) fits into a sentence from the following group, write it in the blank space. If the word does not match, leave the field blank. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Archetype (a) Penicillin was the antimicrobial agent used to fight infection. (b) Antigone in Sophocles' tragic drama is the character of the Greek heroine. (c) If you're looking for a new car on the market, the Z-Turbo is cutting edge. 2. Requirements (a) The (b) I'm sorry that the (c) The 3rd anachronism (a) It is one of the arctic trips that keeping warm is the first priority. of partisan disputes keep good people out of politics. of fame require a cool head. say that 1900 was a leap year. (b) Desdemona's watch was a luminous Othello. in the production of anachronism beekeeping carcinogenic archetype cornucopia checkered develop fair requirements fatalism flavor minutia motley spring prospectus (c) By the mid-19th century, the railways had turned stagecoach into one. 4. fatalistic (a) The robbers made a mistake returning to the scene of the crime. (b) Diseases that once existed can now be quickly cured. (c) Nothing you can do about it expresses an attitude. 5. Checkered (a) After his last long-distance fight, he said it was too much to celebrate his victory. (b) I lost the game when called. (c) After a first season, Theater One began to build a loyal audience. 168 Lesson 15
1796. kunterbunt (a) A on Earth Day. A number of townspeople and students gathered in the park (b) his poem seemed to be a prayer. Collection of unconnected words and (c) the stock car racer in the Indianapolis 500 hoping to see the pattern of the winning flag. 7. Perspective (a) There is a beautiful view of the river from the front of the house. (b) I need time to read them before deciding whether to invest. (c) The effort to double our money in a year is small. 8. delegate (a) If I have to go, the responsibility for the success of the project is yours. (b) The action appears to have power. about identical twins and their telepathy (c) Since the committee no longer had a function, the mayor decided to do it. 15C Word Study: Analogies Complete the analogies by choosing the pair of words whose relationship is most similar to the relationship of the capitalized pair. Circle the letter next to the pair you choose. 1. CANARD : TRUTH :: (a) polemical : power (b) Ghost : substance 2. KNOWLEDGE : OVERLOOKING :: (a) optimistic : utopian (b) sociable : gregarious (c) apothegm : brevity (d) dean : respect (c) fertile: barren (d) arrogant: proud 3. TANGIBLE: TOUCH: (a) amorphous: form (b) cacophonous: sound (c) Audible: hearing (d) Cognitive: understanding (c) Ambiguous: determination ( d ) Church: Education SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Book Wordly Wise 3000
1805. SPRING : SPRING :: (a) cold : winter (b) annual : season 6. READING : READING :: (a) say : declaim (b) dodge : embrace 7. DOOR : GATE :: (a) town : City (b) Moat: Castle 8. LACRIMOSE: TEARS:: (a) Diligent: Tasks (b) Intestines: Wars 9. Apiary: HONEY:: (a) Milk: Cream (b) Orchard: Fruit 10. INSOLVENT: CASH :: (a) ridiculous : laugh (b) slow : energy (c) annual : year (d) autumnal : fall (c) trigger : end (d) imply : relieve (c) house : residence (d) glass : window (c) luxurious: gifts (d) ridiculous: laughter (c) chicken: eggs (d) stable: horses (c) truthful: truth (d) fertile: fat children's vocabulary. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. Anachronism Beekeeping Archetype Carcinogen Checkered Horn of Plenty Evolve Just Claims Fatalism Tasty Prospect Early Spring 1. Horn of Plenty (a) A ram's horn overflowing with fruit was carved over the door. (b) American factories rushed to meet the huge demand for consumer goods. (c) The fertile farmland in the valley provides a bountiful crop of vegetables. 2. Gustatory (a) Sensitive fingertips are used to read Braille. (b) Nerves from the tongue transmit the sensation of taste to the brain. (c) The wind picked up overnight and reached speeds of 40 miles per hour. 3. Apiary (a) The cages in which they are kept are large enough to allow the birds to fly. (b) The Cleghorns sell the surplus honey they get from their hives. (c) The gorilla is the largest of the great apes. 4. Details (a) Cheese mites are too small to be seen with the naked eye. (b) No aspect of her business was too small for Ms. Liu's attention. (c) I took care of the numerous details related to the operation of the travel agency. 170 Lesson 15
1815. Only (a) Women who do the same work as men must receive the same salary. (b) Two times twelve equals four times six. (c) The rules for admission to the university are the same for all applicants. 6. Fatalism (a) Scientists debate whether the crew of the sunken submarine can survive. (b) We are not worried; We will accept what fate brings us. (c) The emergency medical team rushed to help the survivors. 7. Delegate (a) After the Vice President, the Speaker of the House of Representatives is next in line for the presidency. (b) Chirag is the eldest, followed by me and then my younger sister, Indranil. (c) According to this theory, plants and animals originate from already existing species. 8. Spring (a) My favorite season is when the crocuses and daffodils appear. (b) Daylight hours equaled and then exceeded the length of nights. (c) The first snow storms usually arrived in November or early December. 9. Carcinogen (a) High doses of saccharin produced malignant tumors in laboratory mice. (b) Malaria is caused by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. (c) Asbestos has been identified as a carcinogen. 10. Anachronism (a) The car is five years old, so it's time to trade it in for a new one. (b) Push button telephones have largely replaced dial-up telephones. (c) Old Mr. Percy seems to have lost touch with the modern world. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
18215E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. Farming for good food and fellowship anachronism beekeeping archetype carcinogenic carcinogenic carcinogenic fair development requirements fatalism taste minutiae motley vernal perspective The hardy, independent farmer who runs the family farm handed down through the generations is a well-known American archetype. In 1900, when 30 million people were needed to support a population of 75 million, four out of ten Americans lived on farms. The US Department of Agriculture stopped counting farm families in 2012. However, by 2012, the number of farm families had dropped to less than one in fifty according to reliable estimates; A little over three million people supported a US population of over three hundred million. The demands of a changing nation, faced with a restructured economy that favors simpler physical lives, higher incomes, and urban advantages, favor fewer but larger and more mechanized farms. Many small farmers viewed this as fatalistic and believed that the small family business had become an anachronism. Robyn Van En thought otherwise. In the mid-1980s, he ran the small Indian Line farm in South Egremont, Massachusetts. At that time, a friend from Switzerland told him about Teikei, a name that suggests food with the farmer's face. This concept was developed in the 1960s by a group of Japanese women who were dissatisfied with the increase in food imports and the decrease in the number of farms and farmers in their communities. Realizing that the Japanese and Swiss models resonated with his philosophy, Robyn decided to apply them to his own farm, calling it Community Sponsored Farming. He began publishing a brochure in which he asked consumers to pay part of his farm costs in exchange for a proportional share of his produce. The enthusiastic response he received led to the formation of the first CSA group in the United States. Robyn became a pioneer in preaching the fruits of such cultivation and the movement spread. Typically, a CSA core group creates a budget that reflects all expenses for the year. The projected annual expenses and the number of members in the project determine the price of each share. Through their actions, members receive fresh food; through their participation they experience community; and through haggling, the farms take advantage of the biodiversity of their areas. For example, one group might want to start an apiary while another might want to keep a small flock of sheep for their wool and meat. Sometimes members with busy lives don't meet their quotas and the work is shifted to other participants. This can lead to malevolence and instability. Although some groups have disbanded, giving the CSA a checkered past, overall the CSA movement has shown healthy growth. As of 2009, there were over three thousand CSA groups in the United States. Jill Agnew of Willow Pond Farm in Sabattus, Maine, runs a typical CSA operation of seventy members. They come from all walks of life and are of all ages; The only thing they have in common is a love of fresh produce. On harvest days this colorful 172 Lesson 15
183The group meets at Agnew's farm to get their share of whichever of the thirty-five vegetables that are the best for that day. The flowers are there to be picked, too, and a fair distribution system ensures that everyone gets a fair share based on the work done and differing preferences for different types of produce. Many CSA groups offer their members the option to pay all or part of their share by working on the property, and some require it. Rose Valley Farm, outside Rochester, New York, expects its 100 members to contribute two hours of work per week, plus weekly dues of $7 to $14. This job ranges from the little things of some office job to working in the fields. CSA groups thrive when everyone benefits. Farmers receive a guaranteed income to pay for seeds, equipment and labor, and significantly reduce waste from unsold produce. Members receive freshly picked vegetables, providing a tasty treat for those who rely on supermarket produce, which is picked days in advance and shipped across the country. Because CSA farms do not use potentially cancer-causing chemicals, members have the added benefit of knowing that they and their families eat only organically grown vegetables. From the time the early lettuces and radishes grow to perfection in the warm spring sun until October brings its cornucopia of pumpkins and winter squash, members are deeply content in being closely connected to the earth. They know that by helping people help themselves they are also helping to preserve the tradition of the small family business. This is perhaps the greatest satisfaction of all. Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. What would be the essential elements of a community sponsored agricultural prospectus? 2. What does the cornucopia of farm-fresh vegetables promise? 3. Why does the small farm have such a powerful impact on the imagination? 4. Why would the spring sun be particularly welcome for CSA members in colder climates? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
184Anachronism Beekeeping Archetype Carcinogen Checkered Cornucopia Evolve Fair Demand Fatalism Gustatory Minutiae Colorful Perspective Spring 5. What health benefits can CSA members claim? 6. What would have happened if all farmers had taken a fatalistic attitude when modern life began to affect farming methods? 7. Why are CSA members sometimes expected to work a certain number of hours? 8. What do you think is a key concern for CSA members? 9. Give examples of two types of office work that are likely to be done at a CSA facility. 10. How is it suggested that the CSA movement has not been a resounding success? 11. Why is it impossible to describe a typical CSA member? 12. What might CSA members do with a taste for honey? 174 Lesson 15
185Fun and Fascinating FACTS The Greek prefix ana-, backwards, and the Greek root kronos, time, combine to create an anachronism, something that exists outside its proper time frame. Several other words share this root. A stopwatch is a precise instrument for measuring time. A chronic disease is one that lasts a long time. Synchronous events occur at exactly the same time. A timeline is a detailed description of events over time. Items listed in chronological order are listed by the time they occurred. According to Greek mythology, Zeus, the king of the gods, was cared for by a goat when he was a baby, and his special relationship with this animal has given rise to two English words. The first is Aegis, which originally meant shield and now means any form of protection. Zeus's shield was made of goatskin (Aigis in Greek). The second word is Cornucopia, which means cornucopia. According to Greek myth, one of the goat's horns broke off and miraculously filled with fruit to feed Zeus. Court jesters in the Middle Ages wore costumes with contrasting color patches; such clothing was called motley (in Middle English motlei means colored cloth). His inappropriate appearance should cause laughter. The term has survived as an adjective and retains its essential meaning, containing elements of great variety or incongruity. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
18615 Vocabulary Expansion Archetypal Noun 1. Patterns of myths that occur over and over again in many cultures. 2. The original model from which others are manufactured or developed; a perfect example. In English class, we study the many forms of hero archetypes found in literature, including medieval knights and modern firefighters. Word Parts The prefix arch- means chief or director. The root type means impression or form. So archetype literally means main form. Can you think of other words with the prefix arch-? Discussion and Writing Topic Name your favorite archetype to read about in literature, such as B. the hero, villain, or comic relief. Justify your choice and analyze to what extent you are similar to or different from the archetype. 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. 176 Lesson 15
187Lesson 16 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. apocalyptic ә pä kә lip tik adj. Inclusion or prediction of catastrophic, uncontrollable events. Cyberpunk literature, a form of science fiction, suggests an apocalyptic future of an impersonal world saturated with complex technology. With your partner, make a list of movies you've seen with an apocalyptic theme. Concatenation kän ka tә nā shn cramp ken vels sn A connection or union of elements. A chain of random events led to the best vacation of my life. v. Shake or shake suddenly and violently. The audience laughed at the entertainer's unique combination of comedy and magic. Spasm 1. An abnormal, severe, and uncontrollable muscle spasm. Seizures she once had from epilepsy are now controlled with medication. 2. A violent disturbance. The shocks that the stock market had been experiencing for the past three days were tamed by an early close. Talk with your partner about steps to take if a friend or family member has a seizure. Decree di krē Expatriate ek spā trē әt n. An order or decision that, according to its author, must be obeyed. The decree of the City Council by which a 22-hour schedule is imposed. The curfew is challenged in court. decree of n.Someone who leaves his country to live in another place. Seattle's Saigon restaurants are popular with Vietnamese expats. expatriate v. ek spā trē āt Talk to your partner about expats you know. stinking faith tәd adj. very bad smell; smelly. We found out that the bad smell came from the eggs that we forgot to refrigerate. Holocaust hō lә kôst #1. A catastrophic event resulting in widespread loss of life. Many people feared that the world was on the brink of a nuclear holocaust during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. 2. Large-scale destruction by fire. Every day we were dismayed by the news of the holocaust caused by forest fires in the West. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
188Breach of frak shn n. A breach or violation of a rule. Police officers usually issue a warning for minor traffic violations. Tell your partner what you think is the appropriate punishment for minor offenses like trash. carelessness in the henchman of sōo sē әn min yәn bloody saŋ gwe ner ē n. freedom from scruples; carefree lack of awareness. His insouciance of criticism stemmed from his overbearing narcissism. carefree n. A subservient follower, companion, or supporter. None of the mayor's henchmen wanted to tell him about the secret investigation into his campaign finances. adj. 1. With much bloodshed or slaughter. Gettysburg was the bloodiest of all Civil War battles. 2. bloodthirsty; horrible. When India was partitioned for independence, both Hindus and Muslims carried out bloody attacks on each other. Tell your partner what you think is the bloodiest event in American history. staccato stә kätō adj. Interrupted in short, sharp bursts. The choppy tapping of the woodpecker woke me up this morning. Take turns with your partner creating a staccato on his desk with a pencil or your fingers. gourmet si be r i tik actor thês pē әn veraz ver ә sә mi le t ōod adj. Characterized by extravagant indulgence and luxury. Photographs of the sybaritic lifestyles of the rich and famous are the hallmarks of this brilliant magazine. S. An actor or actress. Her irresistible desire to become an accomplished stage actress prompted her to apply to the prestigious acting school. n.The property of seeming true; represent realism. The veracity of the book cannot be questioned by anyone familiar with the events it describes. Ask your partner if a movie based on CGI effects can be true. 178 Lesson 16
18916A Determine the exact meaning Choose the most accurate paraphrase for each sentence. 1. We are concerned about this intentional violation of the rules. (a) We are concerned about this willful breach of the Rules. (b) We are concerned about this deliberate ignorance of the rules. 2. The election sent spasms in the stock market. (a) The election caused a large disturbance in the stock markets. (b) The election caused resentment on the stock market. 3. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake caused a holocaust. (a) The 1906 San Francisco earthquake caused a huge crater. (b) The 1906 San Francisco earthquake caused a large number of deaths. 4. The conductor of the orchestra made a face and asked for more staccato. (a) The conductor of the orchestra grimaced and called for higher-pitched bursts of music. (b) The conductor of the orchestra made a face and demanded more dream music. 5. Somehow we got used to the proximity of the smelly factory. (a) Somehow we got used to the proximity of the crowded factory. (b) Somehow we have gotten used to the proximity of the smelly factory. 6. A chain of events led to political unrest. (a) A plot to seize control of events led to political turmoil. (b) A connected series of events led to political unrest. 7. What we admired about her was her carelessness. (a) What we admired about her was her indifference to what people thought. (b) What we admired about her was her willingness to show sympathy. 8. The medium predicts apocalyptic events in the near future. (a) The medium predicts catastrophic events in the near future. (b) The medium predicts harmonic events in the near future. 9. The veracity of the book cannot be questioned. (a) The accuracy of the book cannot be questioned. (b) The authorship of the book cannot be questioned. 10. The nondescript newscaster led a sybaritic lifestyle. (a) The nondescript newscaster led a peculiar lifestyle. (b) The nondescript newscaster led a self-indulgent, extravagant lifestyle. 11. Judge Molina revoked the decree. (a) Judge Molina revoked the court order. (b) Judge Molina overthrew the regime. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
19012. Stalin ruled Russia, supported by his servants. (a) Stalin ruled Russia, supported by his foreign allies. (b) Stalin ruled Russia, supported by his stalwart supporters. 13. Local actors got together to practice every Thursday. (a) The local actors met to practice every Thursday. (b) Local athletes met to train every Thursday. 14. The general predicted that the battle would be bloody. (a) The general predicted that the battle would be marked by much bloodshed. (b) The general predicted that the battle would be won with little effort. 15. New York is home to thousands of expats. (a) New York is home to many thousands of wounded veterans. (b) Many thousands of people from other countries live in New York. 16B Understanding Word Relationships Circle the letter next to each correct answer. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. What word or words refer to the official statement? (a) edict (b) infraction (c) decree (d) cornucopia apocalyptic chaining convulsion decree expatriate stinking holocaust infraction carefree bloody servant staccato connoisseur actor veracity 2. What word or words are associated with smell? (a) magnanimous (b) stinking (c) foodie (d) unworldly 3. What word or words have to do with fire? (a) hell (b) conflagration (c) holocaust (d) concatenation 4. What word or words refer to trespass? (a) servant (b) transgression (c) righteous (d) apocalyptic 180 Lesson 16
1915. What word or words are related to don't worry? (a) patina (b) expatriate (c) elegant (d) carelessness 6. What word or words are associated with dissolved? (a) bloody (b) intermittent (c) staccato (d) minutiae 7. What word or words refer to luxury? (a) nice (b) carefree (c) flashy (d) colorful 8. What word or words refer to a disaster? (a) catastrophic (b) apocalyptic (c) fetid (d) vernal 9. What word or words are associated with spasm? (a) archetype (b) actor (c) convulsion (d) paroxysm 10. What word or words have to do with theater? (a) Truthfulness (b) Actor (c) Protagonist (d) Anachronism SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book
192Word Study 16C: Similar Meanings Choose from the two words provided and use each word only once when completing each sentence. A field must remain empty. Truth/Authenticity 1. I doubt your statement that fruits and vegetables are actually bad for you. 2. The movies made me feel like I was next to the main character. 3. The witness was questioned upon taking the stand. narcissistic / conceited 4. Morris is such that he cannot go more than five minutes without looking in the mirror. 5. Emma's parents were such that her daughter got an A on her test. 6. Some members of the basketball team let the big win go to their heads and converted. foible / fl w 7. It was Maites that we were late for the concert. 8. An error in the design caused the computer program to not work correctly. 9. Cracking my knuckles is one of my things, but my wife has learned to live with it. apocalyptic concatenation spasm decree expatriate stinky holocaust transgression carefree bloody servant staccato epicure actor veracity colorful/diverse 10. When our study group began discussing politics, a wide range of opinions were offered. 11. The crew of explorers, scientists and fishermen left for Antarctica. 12. When we reached the crossroads, we did not know which way to go. explain / illustrate 13. Can you tell me how your abbreviation could have lost us like this? 14. This incident is just because you're not ready to have a car. 15. The teacher was able to formulate the text in such a way that all of her students could understand it. 182 Lesson 16
19316D Understanding Contextual Meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. 1. The decree prohibited public displays of affection. 2. When he was a child, Walt had been treated for seizures. 3. The odds were against us, but we stayed bloody. 4. The smelly air from the canal made the workers sick. 5. The article on the environment took on an apocalyptic tone. 6. A chain of wild thoughts ran through his mind. 7. Daiki contracted a mosquito infestation on a trip abroad. 8. It is expensive to export wheat to many different countries. 9. Katharine Hepburn was a world famous stage actress. 10. The mine shaft was supported with a steel servant. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
19416E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. A Cambodian odyssey apocalyptic chain spasmodic decree expatriate stinking holocaust transgression carefree henchman bloody staccato sybaritic actor veracity Haing Ngor did not consider himself an actor; He was a doctor unaccustomed to the gourmet trappings of the rich and famous. And yet, he was at the fifty-seventh annual Academy Awards, with an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in The Killing Fields, a film chronicling the apocalyptic events of the late 1970s in his native Cambodia. The chain of circumstances alone that had landed him on the set of the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion would have made a movie that would have tested the credulity of any moviegoer. So it's no surprise that Dr. Ngor, when asked how he felt by a reporter, couldn't immediately answer. Ten years earlier, in 1975, he was a successful doctor in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. dr. Due to his family's wealth and his ample income, Ngor has been unaffected by the civil war that has raged in the countryside for the past five years between the communist Khmer Rouge rebel rebels of guerrilla leader Pol Pot and the forces governmental. dr. Ngor's composure was shaken on April 17, 1975, when he heard the stuttering of gunshots coming from his hospital. Suddenly, the Khmer Rouge rebels burst into the operating room and a combatant, no more than twelve years old, pointed a gun at his head and asked: Are you a doctor? Pol Pot decreed that every educated Cambodian must die to create a new Cambodia. dr. Ngor shook his head and said that the doctor ran away. This saved his life, but the unconscious patient was left to die. What followed is contrary to belief. Pol Pot's lackeys, often teenage boys armed with automatic weapons, went on a killing spree. The people of Phnom Penh were driven from their homes into the countryside to work as slave laborers. Private property was abolished and all property records were destroyed. People were killed for the slightest violation of Communist Party rules. dr. Ngor was captured and later sentenced to death for addressing his fiancée Chang My Huoy as a lover instead of a comrade, and for counter-revolutionary activities (eating leaves that he had collected). He survived because his captors simply forgot about him or were too lazy to carry out the sentences. He spent months in a stinking prison where he was repeatedly tortured, but one day he was released without explanation. His parents and other relatives of his disappeared without a trace, and Chang My Huoy starved to death in her arms on June 2. Pol Pot's bloody rule ended in 1979 when Vietnamese troops invaded Cambodia, defeated the Khmer Rouge and exiled their leader. Mass executions and starvation cost the lives of three million Cambodians. Of the Five of Earth 184 Lesson 16
195one hundred doctors, less than fifty survived, including Dr. ngor In the turmoil that followed the Vietnamese invasion, he fled to Thailand and from there to the United States. Unable to practice medicine, he did charity work in the Cambodian expatriate community in Los Angeles. There he was discovered by a casting director for a film being made about the Holocaust in Cambodia. He played Dith Pran, a Cambodian interpreter for New York Times correspondent Sydney Schanberg, author of the book on Cambodia on which the film is based. The veracity of the film was verified by Dr. Ngor and Dith Pran, whose experiences in Cambodia were remarkably similar. It had an extraordinary effect on those who saw it, opening their eyes for the first time to the horrors of the Pol Pot regime. Winning the Oscar gave Dr. Ngor the unique opportunity to tell the world of the anguish that had rocked his country and he later wrote a book about his experiences. But when he looked at the reporter who asked the Oscars question, all he could say was, "You're asking me, doctor, how are you feeling? I'm in so much pain, you can't imagine. Then in 1996, in a horrific In a final irony, Haing Ngor, a Cambodian Killing Fields survivor, was murdered by a gang outside his Los Angeles home for robbery, and all three men were later convicted and given long prison terms. Coincidentally, the day the three grand juries announced their verdicts was also the day Cambodia announced the death of Pol Pot. Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer Use each word only once 1. How would you describe the values of the majority of people who attended the Oscars? 2. Does Dr. Ngor's privileged position allow him to hide the pain of his fellow Cambodians? Explain your answer 3. What started the chain that Dr. Ngor cost him his privileged status? 4. What did Adolf Hitler and Pol Pot have in common? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
196apocalyptic chaining spasm decree expatriate stinking holocaust transgression carelessness henchman bloody staccato sybaritic actor veracity 5. How did Pol Pot rule when he controlled Cambodia? 6. What do World War II and Pol Pot's rule of Cambodia have in common? 7. How did Dr. Ngor recognize the sound of the shots? 8. What types of crimes led to the death penalty under Pol Pot? 9. What would be the effects of overcrowding and unsanitary conditions in prisons? 10. What helped Dr. Ngor feel at home in Los Angeles? 11. How did Dr. Ngor act? 12. What praise did Dr. Ngor and Dith Pran give the film? 186 Lesson 16
197Fun and Fascinating FACTS The original meaning of Holocaust, from the Greek holocaust, meaning completely burned, comes from Biblical references to the religious sacrifice of animals being burned on an altar. In the seventeenth century the meaning was expanded to include complete destruction by fire. In the 20th century, the Holocaust meant the total annihilation of a people and referred to the murder of millions of Jews and others by the Nazis during World War II. In this sense, the word is capitalized to emphasize the importance of this crime against humanity. Sybaris, one of the first Greek colonies, was founded around 800 BC. Founded in southern Italy. The soil was fertile and the people of Sybaris grew rich and enjoyed a life of ease and indolence. According to legend, the foodies were having so much fun that they couldn't resist when the city was destroyed in 510 BC. BC was attacked by neighboring Crotona. They perished and their city was destroyed. The Greeks retained the term gourmet, perhaps as a warning, and it entered English unchanged. Drama as we know it began in ancient Athens when a character stepped away from the chorus and engaged in dialogue with it. This was the first actor, said to be Thespis, a Greek dramatist who lived in the 6th century BC. lived. His contribution to the theater is recognized in our word thespian, an actor. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
19816 Vocabulary Expansion Expatriate noun Someone who leaves their country to live elsewhere. Verb Leaving the homeland to live elsewhere. Parts of the word The prefix ex- means of. Other words with this prefix are extraction and exclusive. Can you think of other words with the prefix ex-? Word Family patriot (noun) patriotic (adjective) patronage (noun) sponsor (verb) Encourage Discussion and Writing If you are an expatriate, talk about your home country and your experiences in your new country. If you are not an expatriate, would you like to live in another country? To explain. 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. 188 Lesson 16
199Hidden Lesson Review Message In the spaces provided, write the words from Lessons 13-16 that are missing from each sentence. The number after each sentence is the lesson the word came from. If the exercise is completed correctly, a quote from American playwright Jean Kerr will appear in the shaded boxes. 1. The list in the doctor's office names everyone who is in cigarette smoke. (15) 2. The man was on his own and it didn't make sense. (14) 3. Copious failed apologies to my boss. (13) H 4. The situation requires action. (15) 5. Her past made many distrust her. (15) 6. The performance received warm applause. (14) 7. Don't get bogged down at work. (15) 8. He has shown that he can keep a cool head. (16) 9. That from his past he was discredited. (14) 10. He is the best that has been on stage. (16) 11. he makes him blind to his many faults. (14) 12. I have a negative tone in his comments. (13) 13. The wise old man is familiar. (15) 14. That between the two of us was very funny. (14) 15. His behavior was out of place at a funeral. (13) SSI CANNOT DUPLICATE the Wordly Wise 3000 book
200Lesson Review continued 16. Don't do it for your lost love. (14) 17. An entire block was consumed. (16) 18. Macbeth's clock was evident. (15) 19. he Produced one (n) good things to eat. (15) 20. The duties of the controller. (15) 21. The hero's ambition led to his ruin. (14) p 22. The three houses in the town square. (13) 23. I ask you to act responsibly in this matter. (13) 24. A(n) lacks the knowledge to be called an expert. (13) 25. The ship's crew needed new uniforms. (15) 26. Giving in easily to pressure is the only thing you have. (13) 27. Not that old story from his past. (13) 28. the flag by trampling on it. (13) 29. We were punished for it. (16) 30. I'm afraid you understood the message of the poem. (14) 190 review of lessons 13 16
20131. His jokes made us laugh. (16) 32. He Do not respond to these false accusations. (14) 33. The poem is to the goddess Minerva. (14) 34. We entered the city from the north. (13) 35. Every year, the rains produce April daffodils. (15) 36. Each produces twenty pounds of honey. (15) 37. His warnings terrified the public. (16) 38. He cut a fine figure in a top hat and tuxedo. (14) 39. The agreement appears to all parties. (15) 40. The filth of the prison is a shame. (16) 41. Let's go to everyone who wants to go home. (16) 42. Our tailors are committed to excellence. (14) 43. I ordered him to take me to his boss. (16) 44. It is unfair to give students homework during the holidays. (14) 45. He spoke rapidly in short bursts. (16) 46. We must combat racism in all its forms. (13) 47. After being brushed, the dog looked pretty. (14) 48. His response showed that he was still angry with us. (14) U 49. Such meetings were prohibited by the government. (16) SSI cannot duplicate the Wordly Wise 3000 book
202Lesson 17 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. abnegate ab ni gāt v. 1. Waiver as a right or claim. In 1947 Britain had to give up its mandate to rule Palestine. 2. Deny or give up. When she abandoned her previous position on the issue, some branded her a traitor to her party. Tell your partner why you might pledge allegiance to a sports team that used to be your favorite. incidental to sә ler ē badinage ba dәn äzh bedizen bi dī zәn celerity sә ler ә t ē adj. subordinate; less important. Degas was primarily a painter and sculpture was never more than a sideline for him. no. Light and fun conversation; Joke. When the discussion between the two announcers got tired, I changed the channel. v. Dress or decorate in a showy or ostentatious way. Girls, decked out in pearls and feathered hats, staggered across the room in their mother's high-heeled shoes. no. readiness or readiness to act or respond; movement speed When the doorbell rang, he jumped off the sofa with unusual speed. If your partner asks how your day is going, answer so quickly that they can't understand you. cynosure sī nә shur n. The center of attention. At the Oscars, the young actress wowed reporters and fans alike. With her partner, decide which of you is most likely to be the leader of the class this year. Itinerary ī ti nә r ē lissome li sәm n.º 1. The intended course or route of a journey. My itinerary was to take the bus from Boston to New York to Washington DC. to travel. 2. A travel diary. As I reread my itinerary, I was overcome with nostalgia for the great expanses of the Midwest. 3. A travel guide. Our Mexican itinerary suggested Guanajuato as a place rarely visited by tourists. adj. Move or bend easily; smooth. My goal is to get enough exercise to become as agile as my aerobics instructor. 192 Lesson 17
203Milieu mēl yōo n. A particular social or cultural setting in which events take place. The author shows remarkable familiarity with the setting of the court of Louis XIV With his partner, he describes the high school setting in ten words or less. obstinate әb str e pә rәs paragon per ә gan adj. Aggressively loud or rude. When the guest on the TV talk show went rogue, she was quickly written off. S. A model of perfection. Mother Teresa, who worked among the needy in Calcutta, was considered a model of holiness. Talk to your partner about someone you know who is a role model of hard work. perquisite per k we zәt steadfast stād n. A benefit on top of regular earnings. Free travel is a prerequisite for working as a travel agent. adj. lack of extravagance; sedate; reserved. The serious tunes of the 1940s suddenly seemed antediluvian when rock music burst onto the scene. Talk to your partner about whether you learn best in a serious, traditional setting or in informal classrooms. symbiotic sim bēätik adj. Mutually cooperative and beneficial. Given the symbiotic relationship between fashion reporters and designers, one would not expect harsh criticism of the industry from fashion magazines. Symbiosis f Two different organisms living together in a close and mutually beneficial way. Ask your partner if they benefit more from the symbiotic relationship of group work or individual work. tyro tī rō n. A beginner in any field. A former classmate of the Olympic medalist remembers her as a young rookie working out in the city pool. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
20417A Understanding meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. give up minor Badinage Bedizen Swiftness Cynosure Itinerary Lissome Milieu Ungovernable Role Model Privilege Serious Symbiote Tyro 1. A minor theme is related to the main theme, but less important than it. 2. A cynosure is something sinister. 3. A role model is a hot-tempered person. 4. To adorn something means to adorn it demonstratively. 5. An itinerary is the suggested route of a trip. 6. Symbiosis is the use of symbols to represent things. 7. A flexible body bends easily. 8. A beginner is a troublesome person. 9. Giving up something is claiming it as a right. 10. A bonus is something required as a necessary condition. 11. A medium is a specific frame or background. 194 Lesson 17
20512. Acting quickly means acting with resentment or protest. 13. A wayward person is someone who is rude and unruly. 14. A serious person is someone who avoids wild behavior. 15. Badinage is concealing one's true purpose with the intent to deceive. 17B Word Usage If the word in bold (or a form of the word) fits into a sentence from the following group, write it in the space. If the word does not match, leave the field blank. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. condition (a) Desperate people were (b) High priests were (c) Pucci's models on the show were props. 2. Medium (a) Change through false promises. with gold ornaments consecrated to the god Ra. with the most outrageous of the farmhouse terrace in Vermont was spectacular. (b) Farmworkers received food and housing in the form of wages. (c) After a year in El Rosario, I am familiar with the life of the Mexican people. 3. symbiotic (a) The show examines the relationship between bees and flowers. (b) A complex web of public and private investment holds the city together and makes it work. (c) The gorilla used language instead of words to talk to humans. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
2064. Prerequisites (a) A bachelor's degree is a graduate degree at most universities. (b) The Wright brothers' relatively weak aircraft was an airplane. (c) The sales manager position brings that of a company car later. 5. agile (a) The dancers moved with (b) The video of the exercise promises a grace of elegant cats. body in just thirty days. (c) He gave it a 6. No (a) The young Buddhist monk. He smiles remembering the time they met. any claim to the family fortune when he became a (b), though we lost terribly, never. (c) As part of the peace plan, the invading country conquered territory. 7. Speed (a) The fire brigade responded to the emergency call with all rights. (b) There was a tone of accomplishment. (c) Baseball. in Sylvia's voice when she announced that Pedro's fastball made him the most feared pitcher in the world under a microscope. (b) Gloria Steinem was active in the women's movement for many years. (c) The saviors enjoyed a brief time before falling back into oblivion. 196 Lesson 17
20717C Word Study: Parts of Speech Make each of the adjectives a noun by changing or omitting the suffix or adding the correct one. Write the word in the space provided. Adjective Noun 1. fawning 2. creepy 3. humorous 4. fatalistic 5. cacophonous Make each of the verbs a noun by changing or omitting the suffix or adding the correct one. Write the word in the space provided. verb noun 6. convulse 7. plead 8. summon 9. profane 10. err Turn any noun into an adjective by changing or omitting the suffix or adding the correct one. Write the word in the space provided. noun adjective 11. controversial 12. narcissism 13. carelessness 14. symbiosis 15. carcinogen SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book
20817D Word Pictures Circle the letter next to the sentence that suggests the vocabulary word in bold. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Itinerary (a) From Rome to Paris and then to Amsterdam. (b) Guinevere's account of his two thousand mile journey up the Amazon was published in May. (c) We had to remember the names and dates of all the Presidents. 2. incidental (a) These are less important matters, so we can deal with them later. (b) The natural sciences were once considered as subordinate branches of philosophy. (c) The needs of the city are not considered until the demands of the state are met. 3. tyro (a) Since I had no acting experience, I enrolled in the beginner's course. (b) The cartoon depicted a small dictator. (c) Since the car was new, we were told not to drive faster than 55 mph for the first thousand miles. 4. Serious (a) Mr. Adams wore his usual dark suit and white shirt to all functions he attended. (b) Ms. Miniuks' opinions were always predictable. (c) The elders of the family sat solemnly on benches near the wall while the children played on the wide lawn. Give up Badinage helper need haste cynosure route nimble environment unruly paragon bonus earnest symbiotic tyro 5. unruly (a) Power lines downed on the highway made it impossible for us to continue. (b) Such a sore throat probably needs an antibiotic. (c) Our yacht lost time because the wind was against us on the return trip. 6. cynosure (a) I was embarrassed to see everyone in the room looking at me. (b) Amalia's only responsibility was to be present in the gallery during the day. (c) In the early 1920s, Rudolf Valentino was the biggest star in Hollywood. 7. Advantage (a) Before they fall, maple leaves turn shades of red and gold. (b) A large sign warned spectators not to get too close to the edge of the rocks along the shore. (c) At the end of the last shift, workers can take unsold buns home. 198 Lesson 17
2098. Badinage (a) My comments were lighthearted and should not be taken seriously. (b) While we were waiting for the boat, the wind picked up and we worried about the journey back to the mainland. (c) The clucking of the chickens seemed to be a response to the clucking of the geese. 9. Symbiosis (a) Taahira knows that getting her friend's answers won't improve her learning. (b) The crocodile bird gets rid of its parasites by making them part of its diet. (c) Many mutually beneficial relationships can be observed throughout nature. 10. model (a) In Greek mythology, Helen of Troy was considered the best example of feminine beauty. (b) her sense of superiority prevents her from taking any criticism seriously. (c) The Metro in Washington, D.C. It's the best I've ever ridden. 17E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. Muhammad Ali Cassius Clay grew up in the segregated city of Louisville in the 1950s in an environment that denied basic rights to African-Americans. Memories of him include being denied drinking water on a scorching day because of the color of his skin. His bike was stolen when he was 12 years old and he vowed to find the culprit and beat him up. A friendly neighborhood cop named Joe E. Martin suggested that boxing lessons might give him a chance to back up his fighting words, and the boy's talents immediately showed. The scrawny newcomer made his boxing debut in 1954 at the age of twelve, a fight he won by a double decision, and his career took off. In the ring, his smooth movements surprised his opponents. I float like a butterfly, sting like a bee, he explained. His speed with his fists was matched by the hyperactivity of his mouth, and he became known as the Louisville Lip for taunting his opponents. His fight with reporters made headlines, and he regularly boasted, "I'm the best!" As time went by, this boast became harder and harder to deny. For the next six years he fought as an amateur, winning a hundred bouts and losing five, and in 1960 he won the light heavyweight gold medal at the Rome Olympics.He was proud to bring credit to the United States, but his pride soured and his feelings later led him to throw the medal into the Ohio River. He explained in his autobiography that this event triggered SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book
210give up rude high school need speed cynosure itinerary flexible environment role model serious role model symbiotic tyro when he and a friend were not allowed into a restaurant that did not serve African Americans. In 1960 Cassius Clay began his long association with trainer Angelo Dundee. A symbiotic relationship quickly developed between the two and Dundee was in Clay's corner when the underdog defied all odds to become heavyweight champion of the world in 1964. The benefits associated with the title ran into the millions of dollars, making the young man athlete into the cinephile of the world press and giving him a platform to express his opinions. Later in 1964, Clay announced that he would convert to the religion of Islam and take the name Muhammad Ali. At that time the Vietnam War was in full swing. Ali followed his conversion with a refusal to enlist in the United States armed forces; Due to his religious beliefs, he declared himself a conscientious objector. He was arrested for conscientious objection and the state of New York suspended his boxing license and stripped Ali of his world champion status. He later he was sentenced for conscientious objection. This rebellious attitude turned the media against him, and he went from being a paragon of American virtue to a virtual pariah. I totally disagree with the fact that so many newspapers have given the American public and the world the impression that I only have two choices to make this point: go to prison or join the military. There is another alternative, and that alternative is justice, Ali explained. Ali appreciated the opportunity to fight in the ring and enjoyed the lifestyle it brought him, but those values were secondary to his religious beliefs. Rather than deny these beliefs, he was willing to pay the price demanded by the state, and it was high. From 1967 to 1970, Ali was prevented from earning a living in the boxing ring in the United States, forcing him to seek opponents abroad. His itinerary took him to Canada and European countries where he quickly dispatched the French, British and German champions. His sacrifice was dramatized on the cover of a famous magazine that featured Ali adorned with engraved arrows and fake blood, a pose meant to compare Ali to Saint Sebastian being martyred for his faith. These cases of extravagance were rare; Circumstances called for a more stable demeanor while Ali fought his case in court. On June 28, 1971, the United States Supreme Court reversed Ali's conviction. As a result of this setback, Ali was able to fight again in the United States and after a series of fights, he regained the world championship. He continued boxing for the next ten years. In addition, he regained the respect of many Americans as more and more people shared his views on the Vietnam War. Angelo Dundee was still with Ali in 1980 after two decades when the three-time heavyweight champion, now a shadow of himself, fought his last fight. Dundee ended the fight in the eleventh round, and thus Muhammad Ali suffered the first knockout of him. He retired from boxing and dedicated his life to social activism, promoting 200 Lesson 17
211International Peace and Racial Harmony. At the 1996 Summer Olympics, she was awarded a gold medal to replace the one he threw into the Ohio River. In later years, Ali battled Parkinson's disease, which manifests itself in physical tremors and an unsteady gait. Repeated blows to the head are believed to be a contributing cause, although the origins of this debilitating disease are uncertain. Ali lost his last fight in 2016 when he died peacefully in his home surrounded by his family at the age of 74. His obituary says that as a professional boxer he won fifty-six fights, thirty-seven by KO and lost only five. He answers each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. What were some of the advantages that Muhammad Ali enjoyed as heavyweight champion? 2. How did Ali get his rebellious reputation? 3. Was Ali's main goal in his later life to become rich and famous? To explain. 4. How did Ali behave in court during his fight? 5. What city was on Ali's itinerary in 1960? 6. What were conditions like in Louisville in the 1950s? 7. What kept Angelo Dundee and Ali together for twenty years? 8. What was expected of Ali as a boxing representative? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
2129. Give an example of Ali's curse. 10. How old was Ali when he made his in-ring debut? Fun and Fascination FACTS Polaris sits at the end of the shank of the Big Dipper, the star cluster familiar to northern hemisphere night-skygazers. The ancient Greeks thought the group resembled a dog with the tip of its tail formed by the pole star; They named the North Star kunosoura, from kun, dog, and oura, tail. The North Star clearly deserves attention. From kunosoura comes our word cynosure or something like being the center of attention. Informally referred to as a fringe benefit, which means an added benefit, a fringe benefit is a payment or benefit that an employer gives to an employee in addition to salary. The term derives from the Middle English prequisites, which means property not acquired by inheritance, and from the Latin per-, for and quaerere, to seek. surrender secondary badinage inhabit speed cynosure route environment flexible model rebel model serious model symbiotic tyro 202 lesson 17
21317 Vocabulary Expansion Symbiotic Adjective Mutually cooperative and beneficial. The Egyptian plover has a symbiotic relationship with the crocodile. Peck and eat the tiny bits of food caught in the crocodile's teeth; this cleanses the crocodile's mouth and keeps it free of infection. Academic Context In biology, you can learn about symbiotic relationships in which two organisms mutually benefit by interacting with each other. Word parts The prefix sym- (and the variant syn-) means with or together. Other words with this prefix are symbol and symptom. Can you think of other words with the prefix sym-? Discussion and Writing Topic Give an example of a symbiotic relationship you have with another person or with a pet. What do you give, what do you get? 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Book of the wise men of the world 3000.
214Lesson 18 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. abortifacient ә bôr tiv adj. target lost; failed. After several failed attempts to lower the landing gear, the pilot was forced to make a forced landing. Tell your partner what you do when your attempts to complete a task fail. arrogar ar ә gā t v. Claim without having the right to do so. The writer Kurt Vonnegut warns against a government that claims the rights of the people. Explain to his partner why it is wrong to claim a disabled parking space if you do not have a disability. Corpse kә da ver cerebral being ē brәl n A dead animal or human body. Medical students dissect cadavers as part of their training. corpses adj. adj. 1. Pertaining to the brain or intellect. A person is declared brain dead when brain activity stops. 2. Appeal to the intellect as opposed to the emotions. When science scholars get together to chat, the conversation is predictably cerebral. Discuss how sleep affects brain activity with your partner. Koma kō mә Consanguinity kän san gwi nә tē n A state of profound unconsciousness caused by illness or injury. The victim was in a coma for seven days after receiving a blow to the head. comatose s A relation descended from a common ancestor. A genealogy shows the degree of blood relationship within a family. Blood Relatives Talk to your partner about qualities that blood relatives may share. Ghoul gool n. A cruel and repulsive creature. The horror movie about demons emerging from graveyards at midnight was more ridiculous than scary. creepy Showing a morbid interest in things that are scary. 204 Lesson 18
215injured in frinj v. 1. Do damage. Posting material without the author's permission violates international copyright law. 2. (used with on or after) To go beyond the limits; ambush By taking an extra twenty minutes to finish their dinner, the family violated our reservation time. Let your partner know how you feel when someone invades your personal space. lassitude la sә t ōod nadir nā dir boda nәp shelz onus ō nәs protocol prō tә kôl n. A feeling of fatigue; Languor. Tiredness is often accompanied by a fever and is a sign that a person's body needs to rest. S. The deepest point. Toy sales bottom out in January and typically don't pick up again until after Thanksgiving. S. A wedding ceremony. The couple is planning an August wedding and will hold the wedding on the beach. nuptial Of or in connection with a wedding. n.Something to take away; a load. In criminal proceedings, the burden of proof falls on the prosecutor. nº 1. A correct code of conduct; Label. Royal protocol dictates that no one leave until her Majesty is ready to go. 2. A standard procedure for a medical treatment or scientific experiment. The pharmaceutical research protocol required a double-blind trial. Talk to your partner about whether modern protocols still require handwritten thank you notes. refractory ri frak t r ē sanguine san gw n adj. 1. Don't give in to the deal. Disease resistance indicates that the virus is resistant to antibiotics. 2. Difficult to handle; unruly. The leaders became alarmed when the affected group became an unruly mob. adj. 1. Of a healthy red colour. His ruddy complexion was the result of a brisk jog in the park. 2. Cheerful and optimistic. His upbeat personality was a welcome addition to the gloomy atmosphere of the meeting. Ask your partner if they are usually upbeat or depressed. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
21618A Determine the exact meaning Choose the most accurate paraphrase for each sentence. 1. The patient was in a coma on admission. (a) The patient was conscious and awake on admission. (b) The patient was profoundly unconscious on admission. 2. Jade's attempt to win the competition turned out to be a failure. (a) Jade's attempt to win the competition was unsuccessful. (b) Jade's efforts to win the competition were irrelevant. 3. The wedding banquet had fifty guests. (a) The wedding banquet had fifty guests. (b) The jubilee party had fifty guests. 4. DNA is used to determine blood relationship. (a) DNA is used to detect crime. (b) DNA is used to establish family relationships. 5. Tyrants claim all power for themselves. (a) Tyrants cannot keep all the power for themselves. (b) Tyrants take and keep all power for themselves. 6. We will share the load no matter what. (a) We will share the reward no matter what. (b) We will share the load no matter what. abortive arrogant corpse cerebral coma consanguinity ghoul injure languor nadir wedding obligatory protocol rebel blood 7. I won a special award for scariest mask. (a) I won a special prize for the scariest mask. (b) I won a special prize for the most realistic mask. 8. Are you sure that the officers followed the correct protocol? (a) Are you sure that the officers followed the correct route? (b) Are you sure that the officials followed the correct procedure? 9. By October, the company's story had hit rock bottom. (a) In October, the company's fortunes had bottomed out. (b) The firm had peaked in October. 10. Leon moves in very cerebral circles. (a) Leon moves in highly intellectual circles. (b) Leon moves in the most shameful circles. 11. The horse was stubborn when we first bought it. (a) The horse was in poor health when we first obtained it. (b) The horse was difficult to handle when we first got it. 206 Lesson 18
21712. Millions of unsuspecting Americans bought lottery tickets. (a) Millions of optimistic Americans bought lottery tickets. (b) Millions of far-sighted Americans bought lottery tickets. 13. The neighbor's new fence affects our property. (a) The neighbor's new fence encroaches on our property. (b) The neighbor's new fence borders our property. 14. It was my job as a coroner to photograph the body. (a) My job as a medical examiner was to photograph the scene of the accident. (b) It was my job as a coroner to photograph the body. 15. I stopped on a park bench, overcome with languor. (a) I stopped on a park bench, overwhelmed with fatigue. (b) I stopped on a park bench, overcome by nostalgia. 18B Understanding Word Relationships Circle the letter next to each correct answer. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. What word or words refer to transgression? (a) invade (b) presume (c) hurt (d) delegate 2. What word or words refer to death? (a) nadir (b) doom (c) reverie (d) corpse 3. What word or words are associated with terrible? (a) cerebral (b) creepy (c) terrifying (d) grotesque 4. What word or words are associated with fatigue? (a) fatigue (b) stubbornness (c) lethargy (d) lethargy SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book
2185. What word or words are associated with rebel? (a) unruly (b) unruly (c) ruddy (d) supple 6. What word or words refer to complexion? (a) cerebral (b) speckled (c) reddish (d) empty 7. What word or words have to do with marriages? (a) marriage (b) kidnapping (c) engagement (d) dead body 8. What word or words are associated with failed? (a) failed (b) tyro (c) duty (d) ineffective failed arrogate corpse cerebral coma consanguinity ghoul injury exhaustion nadir marriage duty protocol rebel blood 9. What word or words are related to spirit? (a) nadir (b) brain (c) auxiliary function (d) insight 10. What word or words refer to disease? (a) Speed (b) Consanguinity (c) Coma (d) Trauma 208 Lesson 18
219Word Study 18C: Similar Spellings Write the word from the pair above that fits each sentence. Use each word only once. revised/revised 1. The committee did not receive the details until much later. 2. The house cost almost half a million dollars. discrete/discrete 3. The particles are initially but eventually merge. 4. The detective promised to be present when her investigation was carried out. Expat / Expatriate 5. The skipper loved to spend his years aboard sailboats. 6. After fifty years in Canada, German-born Max still considered himself a fortune teller/decry. 7. With my binoculars I was able to see a ship about three miles from the coast. 8. Violent criticism on TV, but networks ignore its severity. optimistic / bloodthirsty 9. The candidate remains concerned about his chances in the upcoming elections. 10. Gettysburg was the longest battle ever fought on American soil. true/opposite 11. What you just said is what really happened. 12. Skyscraper is the name of a tall building. lateral / verbatim 13. What Kai told his colleagues was the truth. 14. Rather than take the risk, General Moore made a move. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
220congenital / congenital 15. The heart problem of the young child is a disease. 16. The ambassador turned out to be the best host. 17. The landlord violates my rights by entering my apartment without permission. 18. his increasing workload in Joelle's personal life. 19. Congress cannot pass legislation that restricts a citizen's right to freedom of expression. 20. If you repeat your previous views, you will be called an apostate or worse. 18D Understanding Contextual Meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. failed presumptuous corpse cerebral coma consanguinity ghoul injure languor nadir wedding obligatory protocol rowdy blood 1. Tyrants seek to usurp all political power. 2. Plans to repeal the law failed due to lack of support. 3. Icebergs are common in the northern seclusion. 4. Consanguinity is measured in degrees of difference between individuals. 5. The rebellious members of the association were fined as a disciplinary measure. 6. Sensitive instruments measure brain activity. 210 Lesson 18
2217. The load has been tested and found to be safe. 8. Despite the setbacks, we remain confident that the project will go ahead. 9. The conning tower at the ship's nadir detached and the ship began to drift. 10. Captain Raoul was the security protocol officer. 18E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. A Family Affair The first successful organ transplant was performed in Boston in 1999. The recipient, whose kidneys failed, received a replacement kidney from his healthy identical twin. The patient survived and lived a relatively healthy life for another eight years. The case made headlines, but organ transplants remained relatively rare, and the demand for organs far exceeded the supply; furthermore, the survival rates were not encouraging. The most difficult problem to solve, rejection by the recipient's immune system, finally led to effective new drugs after years of groundbreaking research. Liver tissue, bone marrow, and even a kidney can be harvested with little risk to the donor, while lungs, hearts, and other vital organs can only be harvested from someone who has recently died, with strict protocol for these procedures. The organs must be from a recently deceased person who has lost brain function and has an artificial heart and lungs. Such a person is considered brain dead; If life support systems are turned off, the comatose patient dies instantly. The most suitable candidates for the removal of tissues and organs are young and healthy people; This usually means that the donors have tragically died in an accident. The obligation to grant the permit then falls on the family members. Turning to grieving loved ones at a time like this is almost creepy; However, fast approval is required if the organs are to be saved. The heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, corneas, bones, and skin can be removed from a cadaver and given to people in need, some of whom have been waiting years for transplants. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
222abortive arrogant corpse cerebral coma consanguinity ghoul injury exhaustion nadir marriage liability sanguine refractory protocol Some European countries have implied consent laws that give the state the right to remove the organs of anyone who has died unless that person has done so contrary definitely. While nearly nine in 10 Americans support organ harvesting, most believe the state should not usurp the right to govern the matter, preferring instead a voluntary system, even one that is far less efficient in gaining access to potential donors. Such a problem of finding a suitable donor faced Anissa Ayala's parents in 1988, when her daughter began to suffer from an unexplained fever and felt tired. Anissa, not yet sixteen, was a typical Californian teenager happy with a boyfriend she wanted to marry, but a visit to her doctor revealed startling news: Anissa was suffering from a form of cancer called myeloid leukemia. She was given only a few years to live and the only thing that could save her would be a bone marrow transplant. The blood relationship between donor and patient offers the best chance of a match, but neither Anissa's older brother nor her parents were matched. A high-profile national search for a suitable donor was unsuccessful. The Ayala family's hopes, which were not very high anyway, hit rock bottom when the attempt was called off after two feverish years of searching for a donor. Desperate, Anissa's parents made a last-ditch effort to save her daughter's life. Her mother decided to have another child in the hope that he or she would prove to be the elusive partner to save Anissa. Her doctors weren't so sure of the outcome; When the various possibilities were calculated, the probability of success was estimated to be one in sixteen. Ayala's decision to have another child to help her daughter raised important medical-ethical questions such as: Was it acceptable to have a child in order to extract that child's bone marrow? And if this were done, would it violate the child's rights because he would be too young to give her consent? The Ayalas continued anyway, and a girl was born, whom they named Marissa. When Marissa was fourteen months old, she had some bone marrow removed and given to Anissa; The operation was an amazing success. The Ayalas had beaten all the odds and a year later Anissa married her boyfriend. Attending the wedding as the flower girl was two-year-old Marissa, the girl who gave her sister a new life. By the 60th anniversary of the first successful organ transplant in 2014, more than 650,000 organ transplants had been performed in the United States. This year alone, more than 30,000 surgeries were performed; Unfortunately, more than 120,000 people were still waiting for organ donation and 8,000 people died from shortages each year. 212 Lesson 18
223Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. Why might Anissa Ayala have been accused of laziness early in her illness? 2. Why did the obligation to become a donor fall first on Anissa's parents and older brother? 3. At what point did the Ayala family have the least confidence in Anissa's survival? 4. How do we know that Anissa's dream of marrying her boyfriend has come true? 5. Why did early organ transplants often fail? 6. What factor contributes to the failure of vital organs such as the heart and lungs? 7. How are the rights of comatose patients protected? 8. What is the intended effect of implied consent laws? 9. Do you think that implied consent laws violate the freedom of the individual? Explain your answer DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
224Fun and Fascinating FACTS Repeal (Lesson 8) and arrogate are derived from the Latin rogare, "to ask," but have very different meanings. Pick up uses the Latin ab, which means far away; to undo something means to undo it. Appropriating something is making it one's own without having the right to it. The celestial sphere is an imaginary infinite expanse in which all celestial bodies appear to reside. The earth is in the center of this celestial sphere. The zenith is the point on the celestial sphere that is directly above the observer. The point on the celestial sphere diametrically opposite to the zenith is the nadir. Meanwhile, Zenith means the highest point, while nadir means the exact opposite. Sanguinary (Lesson 16) means bloodshed and should not be confused with sanguine, which means joyous. Both words derive from the Latin sanguis, blood. The connection between blood and blood stems from the belief of ancient and medieval physicians that the body is governed by four fluids called the humors, from the Latin word for liquid. These humors were Cholericus (yellow bile), Melancholicus (black bile), Phlegmaticus (phlegm), and Sanguineus (blood). Depending on what was dominant, a person could be choleric (angry), melancholic (sad), phlegmatic (calm), or optimistic (happy). An imbalance of these four humors made a person cranky; When they were balanced, a person was in a good mood, could laugh or catch a joke. failed arrogant corpse cerebral coma consanguinity ghoul wounded languor nadir wedding obligatory protocol sanguine rebel 214 lesson 18
22518 Vocabulary Expansion Noun Protocol A system of rules; Label. Academic Context Students must follow a specific protocol when registering for a standardized test. The protocol for conducting a scientific experiment is called the scientific method. Discussion and Writing Points Think of a recent situation that involved a protocol that you had to follow. What was that and what would have happened if you hadn't followed it? 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Book of the wise men of the world 3000.
226Lesson 19 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. Designation to pә lā shәn n. A name that is not a legal name that describes a person or thing. In the early 1800s, President Andrew Jackson's tenacity earned him the nickname Old Hickory. Put a label on yourself and ask your partner if it suits you. marriage kän ji gәl didactic dī dak tik adj. Belonging or related to marital status or married persons. The betrothed couple looked forward to life in conjugal partnership after the wedding. adj. 1. That is dedicated to teaching or teaching. Aesop's Fables are didactic but never boring. 2. Too inclined to teach or moralize. The critic wrote that the playwright should have avoided her didactic tendencies and concentrated on entertaining the audience. Discuss with your partner if you learn better through didactic lectures or by participating in group projects. efl escence e flә r e sәns effulgene e i fôl jens exegese ek sә jē sәs genre zhän rә n The process of reaching a climax of development or flowering. The heyday of Baroque music can be found in Monteverdi's operas. efflorescent With the quality of efflorescence. s. brightness; splendor; Brilliance. Capturing the glow of the eastern sky at dawn on canvas is a challenge for any painter. radiant adj. no. An explanation or critical interpretation. Without the accompanying exegesis, it is easy to misinterpret the meaning of this text. s A species, variety, or category that is often used to classify an artistic composition. What genre will your horror or science fiction story be? Tell your partner the genre of the last book you read and whether you liked it. limn lim malefactor mis krē әn t v. 1. Draw or paint. The artist used charcoal to trace the outline of the distant mountain peak. 2. To describe or represent. The scene in the pharmacy is so well staged that the reader can literally smell the herbs. S. A villain or criminal. The perpetrator was identified in a police statement by an eyewitness. 216 Lesson 19
227mordant môr dәn t mores môr âz adj. Sharp and piercing in shape or style; willfully. Writer Dorothy Parker's scathing wit stemmed in large part from her own desperate sadness. s. pl. 1. The accepted customs, attitudes, or manners of a group. My friend from Iran helped me understand the customs of the Muslim society. 2. Morally binding forms of a particular group. The sociology professor emphasized that a culture without customs lacks cohesion. Talk with your partner about how migrants might adopt the customs of their new homeland or retain the customs of their old country. nemesis ne me sәs #1. A formidable opponent, usually victorious. His arrogance could be broken when he meets his nemesis on the tennis court. 2. The one who inflicts punishment or retribution. Captain Ahab's nemesis was Moby Dick, the great white whale. With your partner, he names a sports team and his biggest nemesis, such as the Ohio State Buckeyes and the Michigan Wolverines. peccadillo pe kә di lō prolix pro liks n. A small mistake; a small offense Each of the author's juvenile misdemeanors is avidly recorded in these never-ending memoirs. adj. Given to using excessive words; long and prolonged Within an hour of his speech, the incoherent candidate was heating up. expansiveness n verbosity. Describe in detail to your partner how you get to school. taciturn ta sә tәr n adj. reluctant to talk; usually silent. When they greeted her with a warm wave and a touch on her arm, the silent young lady just smiled and kept walking. Silence N. The quality of speaking is very rare. Talk to your partner about what might silence a person. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
22819A Understanding meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. Conjugal designation didactic efflorescence diffusion exegesis genre limn rogue customary nemesis peccadillo prolijo silence 1. Marital duties are the obligations contracted between people who are married. 2. A radiant current is one that flows from a source. 3. A minor offense is a small mistake. 4. Sketching a scene is sketching it. 5. Silence is an unwillingness to give in. 6. An exegesis is cancerous. 7. A didactic approach is one that emphasizes learning. 8. Habits are weaknesses. 9. Efflorescence is the flowering or culmination of a process. 10. A villain is an actor. 11. Prolixity is verbosity. 218 Lesson 19
22912. A denomination is a dissertation. 13. A nemesis is a trick or method used to aid memory. 14. A genre is a specific type of literary or musical category. 15. A scathing essay is one that deals with death or dying. 19B Word Usage If the word in bold (or a form of the word) fits into a sentence from the following group, write it in the space. If the word does not match, leave the field blank. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Flowering (a) Athens of the fifth century B.C. (b) After their spring splendor, the gardens reach a second of the arts. in the fall. (c) The water flows into a neat second (a) The cherries were like this (b) It was my job to reduce them further (c) The author uses a third such lemon (a) The dealer said he could take them in buried pipes. the year we collected them through the bushel. Reports on a single page or less. Words half of which I don't understand. some notes to hear how the violin sounded. (b) He likes to paint in oils. Elizabeth Gaskell's sketch of a scene in pencil before application (c) was able to show several well-chosen details. a memorable character by using SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book
2304. Exegesis (a) The author should a (b) Rosario could not offer a house. the most difficult passages. for his unexpected absence from (c) A detailed 5. Manners (a) The Victorian middle class (b) Knowledge of Arabic in the form of footnotes accompanying the text. provide the background for Trollope's novels. is useful for those doing business in Kuwait. (c) The Nigerian Ambassador has an excellent collection of Africans. 6. Negligence (a) Driving without a license is considered heavy traffic. (b) The classroom. (c) Should one be his story? it was a malfunctioning exhaust fan trapping stale air inside and he was rewarded with a lucrative book contract reading 7. (b) The hapless revelers entered a (c) Moriarty came face to face with his old man Sherlock Holmes. Spousal designation didactic efflorescence glow exegesis genre limn mischievous biting manners nemesis peccadillo wordy silent 8. Genre (a) Twelve-tone music was music with which I was familiar. (b) We usually buy a Chevrolet, but this year we are trying something different. (c) The portrait was not the only one in which Mary Cassatt excelled. 220 Lesson 19
231Word Study 19C: Synonyms and Antonyms Each word group contains two words that are either synonyms or antonyms. circulate them. Then circle S if they are synonyms or A if they are antonyms. 1. corpses of ghosts corpses of goblins S A 2. arrogant wounded repine abandonment S A 3. vernal weak radiant heterogeneous S A 4. role model villain fawning native S A 5. decree spasm duck convulsion S A 6. deny exterminate bedizen beautify S A 7. habitué cynosure milieu set S A 8 sober symbiotic related quirky S A 9. faithful quickness quickness cheerfulness S A 10. recalcitrant taciturn restless rambling S A 19D Word Pictures Circle the letter next to the sentence that suggests the vocabulary word in bold. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. Marital (a) Some high schools offer courses that include a discussion of the seriousness of marriage. (b) My Latin course requires me to understand the grammar of verbs. (c) The couple exchanged vows and promised to love each other forever. 2. Radiation (a) Sunlight radiated from the Tiffany glass shade. (b) Sonia Delauney used primary colors in her abstract paintings. (c) The flickering light from the lantern cast grotesque shadows as we entered the barn. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
2323. peccadillo (a) After less than a mile, Jiao complained of pain in his feet and muscles. (b) The robbers got away with half a million dollars in yesterday's bank robbery. (c) The bumper sticker on the car read "Hugs instead of drugs." 4. scathing (a) He loves to read detective stories. (b) The drowning man was about to die when the lifeguard approached him. (c) The audience was not prepared for the comedian's caustic humor. 5. Silence (a) The reason for Dilshad's unusual silence was that she had fallen asleep. (b) An essay test question requires more than one answer in a single sentence. (c) We had been vacationing in the small town for several years before the townspeople started talking to us. 6. Appeal (a) Because he found a shipwreck with a rich cargo, the Icelandic explorer Leif Ericson was henceforth called Lucky Leif. (b) he asked me to name a person who would vote for the measure. (c) he was in such poor condition that Coffin Ship aptly described the ship. 7. Exegesis (a) Monarch butterflies fly south to Mexico each winter. (b) His essay gives an interpretation of Robert Musil's The Man Without Qualities. (c) The swing set comes with brief assembly instructions. Margaret term didactic efflorescence diffusion exegesis genus limn mischievous mordant sitten nemesis peccadillo prolix silent 8. sitten (a) Having lived in Brooklyn, she needs time to adjust to life in small town Iowa. (b) Anthropologist Margaret Mead learned a lot about the people of Samoa by living among them. (c) When we were camping outside, I used to love eating these marshmallow, graham cracker, and chocolate chip cookies. 9. limn (a) Her diary entry for her day read: Nothing happened. (b) I said that you can draw your own conclusions about the likely outcome. (c) she took a stick and drew an outline in the sand for a round of heaven and hell. 10. Didactics (a) Her ideas are usually good, but she expresses them too strongly. (b) You only give me advice. I'm tired of that (c) These games are designed to develop the child's verbal skills. 222 Lesson 19
23319E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. Two-Dimensional Entertainment A series of significant events occurred in Cuba as it rebelled against Spanish rule and paved the way for the Spanish–American War three years later. Marconi invented wireless telegraphy and changed global communications. The first films were shown in a theater in Paris. And the American comic strip was born. His name was Hogan's Alley. It was featured in New York's Sunday World and covered life in the ramshackle tenements of New York's Lower East Side. This first proper comic illustrated the petty crimes of a bald, big-eared street kid who lived with a goat and a parrot. He and his friends played pranks on unsuspecting adults; he would occasionally smoke and drink, a reference to what some considered the permissive customs of the time; and he dabbled in the gritty street humor familiar to the strip's big-city reader. When the rival New York Journal published its color supplement a year later, a major journalistic innovation, it boasted that the gloss of its eight pages made the rainbow look like a lead pipe. One of the first things the publisher did was remove the illustrator of Hogan's Alley from the world. He renamed the strip The Yellow Kid, a term derived from the color of the main character's regular outfit, a long, dirty nightgown that reached to her ankles. Before radio and television, comic strips were one of the few sources of entertainment available to anyone with a penny, the price of a newspaper. The significant boost they managed to give to circulation did not go unnoticed by the owners of the newspaper. This was a time when the printed word was paramount and three-volume novels were still popular. It is not surprising, then, that the characters in these early comic strips wandered; it was not uncommon for a hundred words or more to be squeezed into a single speech bubble. Their modern counterparts are taciturn by comparison, usually expressing their point of view in a dozen words or less. Comic strips, sometimes referred to as comic strips, often contain much more than just laughs. Social satire appeared in Bringing Up Father, which revolves around Maggie and Jiggs, a working-class Irish immigrant couple who win the Irish Sweepstakes and move to New York's Fifth Avenue. Their married life is interrupted by their numerous disputes, but never seriously threatened. The strip provided ample opportunity to poke fun at the foibles of the rich and the arrogance of those who became rich. A classic of the genre, first appearing in 1913 and still going strong to the turn of the century. In 1924, the editor of the Chicago Tribune considered some preliminary sketches for a comic strip about an orphan boy with curly hair and a face so sparsely outlined that each of his eyes was indistinguishable from the letter O. It should be little orphan Otto ; However, many of the strips featured boys instead of girls, so artist Harold Gray created Little Orphan Annie instead. With Your Story DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Ongoing Book for SSI
234conjugal term didactic efflorescence transmission exegesis genre limn naughty biting manners nemesis peccadillo wordy silent many episodes, annie was almost a novel in comic form. It inspired several movies, a radio show, and a hit Broadway musical. Popeye became the first comic book superhero in 1929, the incredible power of him fueled by cans of spinach. His humble I am what I am and that's all I am became a national catchphrase. The 1920s had just ended when Dick Tracy (1931) first appeared. It featured an army of villains with names like Prune Face and Flattop, with their heads and faces drawn to match their names. The action unfolded while being chased by his nemesis, the G-Man with the jutting jaw and the famous radio on his wrist. Comic strips after World War II took on a more didactic role, offering social and political commentary. Charles Schultz's Peanuts, which began in 1950, did so with gentle humor, wisdom, and pathos. Charlie Brown's search for his identity, Snoopy's heroic fantasies, Lucy's world-weary attitude, and Linus's security blanket struck a chord with readers. Peanuts even inspired a bestseller, The Gospel After Peanuts, which provided an exegesis of the comic's moral and spiritual implications. When Charles Schultz surprisingly announced his resignation for health reasons in 1999 and died a few weeks later, some 350 million readers mourned his death and the discontinuation of his strip. It was the most widely read comic in the world at the time, appearing in nearly three thousand newspapers in sixty countries and in twenty languages. Many believe her incredibly broad appeal stems from her ability to speak to what's human in all of us. Walt Kelly's biting pogo humor went deeper. In 1971, Kelly coined the phrase "We have met the enemy, and he is us" in a series devoted to environmental destruction. It became the official theme for Earth Day this year. Garry Trudeau's satire Doonesbury, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1975, targets national politicians. Social historians point to three major American contributions to world culture in the 20th century, and all three trace their origins to the 1890s. They are jazz rooted in African-American work songs and spirituals; the stage musical that began its popularity on Broadway in the United States in the 1890s and then reached its height in the 1920s; and the humblest of the three the comic strip. Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. When did comics peak? 2. Why could the New York Journal boast of the splendor of its supplement? 224 Lesson 19
2353. How has the balance between word and image changed in comics over the years? 4. Why would it be inaccurate to call the street kid in Hogan's Alley a villain? 5. Would you consider Maggie and Jiggs's marriage a happy one? To explain. 6. How was Little Orphan Annie translated into other genres? 7. Explain why little orphan Annie could have had a different name. 8. What distinguished the way many of the characters in Dick Tracy limped? 9. How were the comics of the 1950s different from those that preceded them? 10. How would you describe the sentence We have met the enemy and he is us? Fun and Fascinating FACTS In Greek mythology, Nemesis was the goddess who persecuted and meted out appropriate punishment for those who broke divine law. The word nemesis has entered English unchanged, except for the omission of the capital n, and refers to damage or ruin caused by the failure of one or the agent causing that ruin or damage. The Latin tacere, to be silent, forms the root of silent. Another word that shares this root is tacit, unspoken. A tacit agreement is one that is understood without saying anything. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
23619 vocabulary expansion word genre Post noun def A specific type, species, or category used to classify art or literature. Sentence Academic Context XX Students in a general literature class may read novels from different genres, or xx may take a more specialized class that focuses on a single genre, such as literature. B. 2. Main historical publications. xx word parts The root gen, genus, or gen means class or species. Other words with this root are generic and genus-specific. Can you think of other words with the root Gen, Genus, or Gen? Discussion and Writing Topic Brainstorm and write a list of different literary genres. Then explain which genre is your favorite and give examples of discussing and writing literature in that genre. Text 2 min. 2 minutes. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. 3 minutes. 3 minutes. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. 226 Lesson 19
237Lesson 20 Word List Study the definitions of words. Then do the following exercises. despoil di raid educe i dōos v. Deprive property or value. The unrestricted dumping of toxic chemicals had devastated the area and made it uninhabitable. devastation vs. Infer from given facts; develop through argument. From the data collected, scientists will try to figure out where the hurricane will make landfall. Discuss with your partner how you can infer someone's mood from their body language. equal to e kwa bәl adj. 1. Unchanged; sign. The Gulf Stream off the Florida coast maintains a uniform 80 F. 2. Not easily disturbed; sparkly. Carolina's behavior remains balanced despite the pressures of family, relationships, and corporate life. Keep an even expression on your face as your partner tries to tease you. Coincidence ha pên stans insular en sōo lêr n.A circumstance due to chance. By chance we found a gold ring in the sand. adj. 1. Belonging to an island or island town. Despite Japan's island location, many Tokyoites are cosmopolitans. 2. Resilience to new or different ideas. The Amish are an independent and autonomous people that exist in the midst of a larger and diverse world. Talk to your partner about what could happen to the islanders over time. Chaos mā hem parlous pär lәs n.Deliberate and intentional infliction of violent damage or destruction; Chaos. In 1987, armed government troops wreaked havoc when they clashed with pro-democracy protesters in Beijing's Tiananmen Square. adj. It implies uncertainty, risk or danger. Ireland had had hard times in the past, most notably the Great Potato Famine of the 1840s. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
238transparent pә l ōo sәd adj. 1. Extremely clear; transparent. The seabed at a depth of 25 meters was clearly visible through the clear waters off the coast of Jamaica. 2. In a nutshell; just understood. The clear language of the farewell speaker made it impossible to misinterpret his meaning. Tell your partner if you prefer clear movies or something more mysterious. exclude pri klōod proximity prә piŋ k wә t ē v. make impossible; prevent. In some US states, a felony conviction disqualifies the offender from voting in federal elections. S. A proximity in position. The proximity of the twin oak trees in the garden made hanging the hammock an easy task. Talk to your partner about the importance of closeness in a sport like synchronized swimming. greedy rә pā she s schism size әm sublimate sә blә mā t adj. take without restrictions; greedy or greedy. The riots were followed by predatory looting. n.A split in a group due to discord. A schism among the Republicans led to the formation of the Bull Moose Party in the 1912 presidential election. v. Redirect your impulses or instincts to a more socially acceptable expression. Although she was legitimately angry, she sublimated her urge to scream by going for a run. Talk to your partner about whether it's better to express your anger and risk being rude, or to sublimate your anger, which can be frustrating. talisman tales terrestrial men tә r is trē әl n. An object believed to possess magical powers. This engraved stone from the South Pacific is a talisman believed to protect against disease. talisman adj. 1. Relating to the earth or its inhabitants. Observers of the strange object in the sky were steadfast in their belief that it was not of terrestrial origin. 2. Of or pertaining to land, as distinguished from water. The railway is a means of land transport. Share with your partner the most beautiful land formation you have ever seen. 228 Lesson 20
23920A Determine the exact meaning Choose the most accurate paraphrase for each sentence. 1. What creatures could be seen in the clear waters of the bay? (a) What creatures were seen in the dangerous waters of the bay? (b) What creatures could be seen in the clear waters of the bay? 2. Talking about it was Sayid's way of sublimating his concern. (a) Talking about it was Sayid's way of expressing his concern. (b) Talking about it was Sayid's way of mentally redirecting his worry. 3. Much of the planet's surface was unexplored. (a) Much of the planet's land surface was unexplored. (b) Much of the planet's water surface was unexplored. 4. The country's insular attitude kept it on the sidelines of alliances. (a) The country's hostile attitude prevented it from making alliances. (b) The country's isolationist attitude kept it away from alliances. 5. After a few years, a split developed on the board. (a) After a few years, a split developed on the board. (b) After a few years, a successor has been formed on the board. 6. The Vikings continued to loot the cities and towns. (a) The Vikings continued to pillage towns and villages. (b) The Vikings continued to explore the towns and villages. 7. In this state, running for president precludes running for the Senate. (a) In this state, running for president allows you to run for the Senate. (b) In this state, running for president does not allow you to run for the Senate. 8. The great detective could see what had happened. (a) The great detective was able to determine what had happened. (b) The great detective could speculate what had happened. 9. Rapacious criminals should not be allowed to take to the streets. (a) Criminally insane should not be allowed on the streets. (b) Violent criminals should not be allowed to go out on the streets. 10. Chaos erupted as the marching band members clashed. (a) Chaos broke out as the marching band members clashed. (b) Laughter broke out as the marching band members clashed. 11. It was a coincidence that the two met in Vancouver. (a) It was pure coincidence that the two met in Vancouver. (b) It was carefully arranged for the two to meet in Vancouver. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
24012. After his home run, the batter touched the talisman. (a) After his home run, the batter touched home plate. (b) After his home run, the batter touched the lucky object. 13. Europe was then in a desolate state. (a) Europe was then in a prosperous state. (b) Europe was then in a dangerous state. 14. The proximity of the two properties is a cause for concern. (a) The physical deterioration of the two properties is cause for concern. (b) The physical proximity of the two properties is a concern. 15. The balanced attitude of the boss is highly appreciated by her coworkers. (a) The manager's calm demeanor is highly appreciated by her coworkers. (b) The manager's boisterous attitude is highly appreciated by her coworkers. 20B Understanding relationships between words Circle the letter next to each correct answer. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. What word or words refer to harm? (a) educate (b) loot (c) loot (d) loot loot educate equal opportunity chaos insular pitiful translucent exclude proximity predatory schism sublimate earthly talisman 2. What word or words are associated with balanced? (a) equal (b) apply (c) equal (d) balance 3. What word or words refer to reasoning? (a) derive (b) derive (c) clarify (d) derive 4. What word or words are associated with change? (a) terrestrial (b) explicit (c) insular (d) caustic 230 Lesson 20
2415. What word or words have to do with chaos? (a) Picayune (b) Odyssey (c) Chaos (d) Coincidence 6. What word or words are associated with clarity? (a) unstable (b) articulated (c) didactic (d) transparent 7. What word or words have to do with astronomy? (a) heavenly (b) earthly (c) solar (d) talisman 8. What word or words refer to greed? (a) thrifty (b) greedy (c) thrifty (d) greedy 9. What word or words are associated with dividing? (a) talisman (b) discord (c) schism (d) nemesis 10. What word or words are associated with prevent? (a) thwart (b) loot (c) lemon (d) exclude SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book
24220C Word Study: Analogies Complete the analogies by choosing the pair of words whose relationship is most similar to the relationship of the capitalized pair. Circle the letter next to the pair you choose. plunder educate equal opportunities insular chaos lamentable translucent prevent rapacious proximity schism sublimate terrestrial talisman harmonic : sound 3. LISOME : SETTLEMENT :: (a) sight : sound (b) eye : hearing 4. LASTITUDE : VIGOR :: (a) sagacity : cunning (b) bullying : righteousness 5. REFRACTORY : DISCIPLINE :: (a) ambiguous : decision (b) infallible : imbecile 6. MARRIAGE : MARRIAGE :: (a) insipid : taste (b) staccato : tone 7. PECCADILLO : CRIME : : (a) lie : lie (b) actor 8. TERRESTRIAL: EARTH :: (a) void : void (b) moon : moon b) miniature : microcosm (c) aboriginal : domain (d) speaker : podium ( c ) empty : speech (d) tangible : touch (c) dance : spectacle (d) movement : speech (c) speed : haste (d) grace : enthusiasm (c) lack of ethics : censorship (d) ridiculous : laughter (c) ) juvenile : childhood (d) slender : shape (c) praise : slander (d) truth : veracity (c) planetary : orbit (d) radiant : sun (c) bitter : Sweet (d) amorphous : shape (c) parochial : parish (d) tro pical: equator 232 Lesson 20
24320D Understanding Contextual Meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the correct word. 1. Fish spoils quickly if not refrigerated. 2. He considered the four-leaf clover a talisman because he found it just before a big exam. 3. He had shown an inclination towards chess when he was a young teenager. 4. The Congress of Vienna kept the countries of Europe equal for a century. 5. Tyler immediately corrected the match in the report. 6. Prohibition signs are popular with the islanders. 7. The years of the Black Death were a difficult time for Europe. 8. Rapacious landlords took advantage of their penniless tenants. 9. He made an offer of $2200 for the job. 10. Myra is terrified of flying and prefers ground transportation. DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
24420E Vocabulary in Context Read the section. Rapa Nui In the second half of the 20th century, the world population doubled from just under three billion to almost six billion. During this time, predatory timber barons were clearing vast rainforests, essential to the health of the planet, at a rate of 30 hectares per minute. At the same time, books like Al Gore's Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit and Jonathan Schell's The Fate of the Earth warned of the dangers of continued planetary devastation and nuclear proliferation. Contemporary indicators warn us of such dangers, but so does history. By examining a place as small and remote as Rapa Nui in the South Pacific, 2,300 miles west of Chile, we can deduce the consequences of carelessness, greed, and unchecked aggression. Plunder Create Same Opportunity Insular Chaos Threatening Transparent Exclude Proximity Theft Schism Sublimate Talisman Earth Archaeological evidence suggests that Rapa Nui was first colonized around AD 400. cross in search of new lands. Without maps or navigational aids, most of the expeditions disappeared without a trace. But chance brought a group of about fifty people to the island they called Rapa Nui, formed by the proximity of three active volcanoes and their lava. The island was fourteen miles long and seven miles wide. It was a place where trees, mainly palms, grew in abundance on the fertile soil, but where the island's wildlife consisted mainly of insects, worms, and spiders, with no land mammals. The settlers felled trees and planted taro, yams, sweet potatoes, bananas, and sugar cane which they brought with them. The clear waters surrounding the island produced a bountiful harvest of fish, and the stable subtropical climate allowed for relatively comfortable living. As their numbers increased, the inhabitants divided into clans and engaged in a natural and friendly rivalry. An island society undisturbed by the outside world for fifty generations, Rapa Nui has developed a unique culture. It included the only written language of Oceania, inscribed on stone surfaces called petroglyphs, as well as the huge stone statues called moai that adorn the shoreline. This, the most spectacular sight on the island, averaging 15 feet tall and weighing many tons, is said to contain the spirits of the departed. The island's religion based on ancestor worship centered on the Moai, which are believed to possess talismanic powers. Clans gained status by building these monoliths. Some may say that the islanders sublimated their aggressive impulses into a form of non-violent competition because the clan with the largest and largest number of statues should be favored by the gods. By 1500, the Rapa Nui population had reached about 7,000, putting pressure on the island's ecosystem. The forests that once covered the island had been almost completely cleared, ruling out the possibility of building large ocean-going canoes that would have allowed migration to other islands. The divisions between the clans deepened; Eventually, the social order collapsed, giving way to chaos. 234 Lesson 20
245Over the next three hundred years, a war of annihilation raged on the island again and again. Food became so scarce that researchers believe the islanders may have resorted to cannibalism as a means of survival. On Easter Sunday 1722, the crew of a Dutch ship visited the island, ending thirteen centuries of isolation. They called it Easter Island, the name by which it is commonly known today. Fifty years later, a British ship, the Endeavour, arrived on the island. By then her town was in a miserable state; its population had dwindled to fewer than seven hundred, with fewer than thirty women. The statues were desecrated as they were all thrown from their platforms. Today Easter Island belongs to Chile and is relatively prosperous; The population of almost six thousand is mainly engaged in agriculture and fishing. Its airport, built in the early 1950s, was expanded to accommodate jet aircraft in 1970, giving a boost to tourism, the third pillar of the economy. Visitors are mesmerized by the large statues and awed by their grandeur. However, those who know a little about the history of Rapa Nui understand that the island is more than a vacation destination. It can be seen as a microcosm of the world at large, a reminder of the threat posed by population pressures and the ruthless destruction of the environment. Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a lesson word, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. Why could three separate volcanoes form a single island? 2. How do we know that chance brought Rapa Nui to its original discoverers? 3. What details from the passage suggest that Rapa Nui could be described as an earthly paradise? 4. What forms of terrestrial flora were most numerous on the island? 5. Why can Rapa Nui fairly be described as a completely closed society? 6. How have the standing stones helped to keep the peace in the church for many years? DO NOT DUPLICATE SSI Wordly Wise 3000 book
2467. What do the alleged claims of cannibalism on the island indicate? 8. What lesson can be learned from the history of Rapa Nui? 9. What examples can you give of the devastation of the planet? Fun & Fascination FACTS Equivalent (Lesson 15) e equal are formed from the Latin equi, but have very different meanings and uses. Justice refers to equality in sharing. A fair agreement is one that is fair to all parties involved. Even refers to uniformity in terms of the absence of large fluctuations. A balanced climate is one without extremes; an even temperament is one without significant mood swings. A trunk is a single suitcase made up of two separate compartments. Therefore, a trunk word is formed by merging the sounds and meanings of two separate words into one. (Linguists use the word fusion to describe this.) The portmanteau of coincidence was created by an unknown writer to denote a circumstance that occurs by chance. loot increase same chance chaos insular poor transparent prevent proximity predator schism sublimate terrestrial talisman 236 lesson 20
24720 word terrestrial pos adjective def 1. Pertaining to the earth or its inhabitants. Theorem 2. Of or relating to land, as opposed to water. Viewed from space, Earth's terrestrial sphere is a beautiful fusion of XX water, land, and clouds. xx 2. Context of Academic Management xx During their astronomy studies, students get to know the celestial bodies from our earthly perspective. In biology, students can learn the differences between land birds, like ostriches, and water birds, like ducks. Word Parts The root terr means earth or ground. Other words with this root are terrestrial and mediterranean. Can you think of other words with the root terr? Discussion and writing request Text Discussion and writing request 2 min 3 min. The universe is vast and unknown. Do you think there could be life that is not of terrestrial origin? 1. Explain. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. 2 minutes. Vocabulary Expansion Use this space to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. 1. Turn around and talk to your partner or group. 2. Write 3 5 sentences. 3 minutes. Use this area to take notes or sketch your ideas. Be prepared to share what you have written. Book of the wise men of the world 3000.
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